Question 1

Which series of events is least likely to happen?

Accepted Answer

Manic episodes typically occur in the context of bipolar disorder, where they often alternate with depressive episodes. It is less common to have manic episodes without any depressive episodes at all, making option B the least likely scenario compared to the others, which describe patterns consistent with major depressive disorder, bipolar I disorder, and bipolar II disorder, respectively.

Question 2

Taylor is diagnosed with major depressive disorder. One thing we are sure of is that he ____.

Accepted Answer

Major depressive disorder is characterized by periods of depression without the alternating periods of elevated mood or mania that are seen in bipolar disorder.

Question 3

Artie speaks so rapidly that people have a hard time keeping up with what he says. He also changes topics mid-sentence and, although much of what he says is understandable, his accelerated, disjointed speech and idiosyncratic phrases make it difficult to follow his train of thought. Artie is exhibiting which category of bipolar symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Artie's symptoms, including rapid speech, difficulty in keeping up with his thoughts, changing topics mid-sentence, and using idiosyncratic phrases, are indicative of cognitive symptoms. These reflect issues with thought processes and the organization of ideas, which are cognitive functions.

Question 4

Gertrude has read an article in her local newspaper about "depressed cities" and "happy cities." She sees that the city where she lives is number one on the "depressed cities" list, and decides to move near her daughter, who lives in the number one "happy city." Gertrude will move from ____ to ____.

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is D) St. Petersburg, FL; Honolulu, HI. This is based on various happiness and well-being indexes that often rank Honolulu, HI, as one of the happiest cities in the United States due to its climate, natural beauty, and lifestyle. St. Petersburg, FL, has been mentioned in discussions about cities facing economic and social challenges, which could contribute to it being labeled as a "depressed city" in this context.

Question 5

Bipolar disorder is to ____ disorder as major depression is to ____ disorder.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Bipolar disorder is to ____ disorder as...

Question 6

For the past several weeks, Ian's thinking races from one idea to the next, and he cannot stay focused on any one idea. He feels pressure to keep on talking, feels a decreased need for sleep, and has been arrested for harassing pedestrians on the street. Of the following, what diagnosis would Ian most likely be given?

Accepted Answer

Ian's symptoms suggest a manic episode, which is characterized by racing thoughts, pressured speech, decreased need for sleep, and impulsive behavior such as harassing pedestrians. These symptoms are consistent with bipolar disorder, which involves episodes of mania or hypomania.

Question 7

Based on cross-cultural research, which individual has the lowest risk of developing depression?

Accepted Answer

Juan, the 20-year-old Hispanic college student, is likely to have the lowest risk of developing depression among the options given. This is because younger individuals often have more social support systems in place, such as friends and activities, which can act as protective factors against depression. Additionally, college students may have access to mental health resources and support networks through their educational institutions. The other options involve demographic factors (such as being a minority, LGBTQ+, or experiencing significant life changes like divorce) that research has shown to be associated with higher risks of depression.

Question 8

Which term is correctly paired with its definition?

Accepted Answer

Hypomania is characterized by elevated mood, increased activity or energy levels, and often involves poor judgment, but unlike mania, it does not typically include delusions or hallucinations.

Question 9

Brianna has always been pessimistic. For the past three years, on most days she feels tired, guilty, and unable to concentrate. However, her eating, sleeping, and daily functioning have not been impaired. This chronic depressed state best illustrates ____.

Accepted Answer

Brianna's symptoms, including feeling tired, guilty, and having difficulty concentrating for over two years without significant impairment in daily functioning, align with the criteria for persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia), which is characterized by a chronic depressed mood.

Question 10

Romeo is grandiose in his thinking, incoherent in his speech, and so hyperactive he has hardly sat down in the past week. DeJuan is overactive and elated, starting projects but not completing them. However, he shows neither delusions nor incoherence in his speech. According to the DSM-5, ____

Accepted Answer

Romeo's symptoms of grandiosity, incoherence, and extreme hyperactivity suggest a manic state, which is more severe and may impair functioning or require hospitalization. DeJuan's symptoms of overactivity and elation without delusions or incoherence are indicative of a hypomanic state, which is less severe and does not significantly impair social or occupational functioning.

Question 11

For an event to qualify as a manic episode, the DSM-5 says that ____.

Accepted Answer

The DSM-5 specifies that for an event to qualify as a manic episode, the state must last for at least one week, or any duration if hospitalization is necessary. It does not require a depressive episode for diagnosis, the mood elevation typically impairs functioning, and the specified duration is not two months.

Question 12

Nathan has a seven-year history of mild mood swings. When he is "high," he is coherent; when he is "low," he is never suicidal or unable to function. What is the best diagnosis for Nathan?

Accepted Answer

Cyclothymic disorder is characterized by chronic, fluctuating mood disturbance involving numerous periods of hypomanic symptoms and periods of depressive symptoms that are not severe enough to meet the criteria for bipolar disorder or major depressive disorder. Nathan's symptoms of mild mood swings without severe impairment or suicidality align with this diagnosis.

Question 13

In the DSM-5, depressive disorders are divided into which three major subcategories?

Accepted Answer

The DSM-5 categorizes depressive disorders into major depressive disorder, persistent depressive disorder (formerly known as dysthymia), and premenstrual dysphoric disorder, reflecting the range of severity and specific symptoms that can occur within depressive disorders.

Question 14

Ronnie has recurrent major depressive episodes that alternate with hypomania. According to the DSM-5, Ronnie should be diagnosed with ____.

Accepted Answer

Ronnie's symptoms of recurrent major depressive episodes alternating with hypomania are characteristic of Bipolar II Disorder, according to the DSM-5. Bipolar I involves manic episodes, while cyclothymia involves milder symptoms of hypomania and depression, and major depressive disorder does not include hypomanic episodes.

Question 15

Rochelle suffers from bipolar II disorder and Elaine suffers from cyclothymic disorder. Which statement best describes the reasons that one of these women is more likely than the other to miss work due to her illness?

Accepted Answer

Rochelle, who suffers from bipolar II disorder, experiences more severe and persistent depressive episodes compared to Elaine, who has cyclothymic disorder. Cyclothymic disorder involves milder symptoms of mood swings that are less disruptive than those of bipolar disorders. Therefore, Rochelle is more likely to miss work due to the severity and persistence of her depressive episodes.

Question 16

Unlike depression, in mania, ____.

Accepted Answer

In mania, individuals often experience an elevated, expansive, or irritable mood, which is a key distinguishing feature from depression, where the mood is typically low or sad.

Question 17

To decide whether a person should be diagnosed as bipolar I or bipolar II, a diagnostician must ask, ____.

Accepted Answer

The key difference between bipolar I and bipolar II disorders lies in the presence of manic episodes. Bipolar I is characterized by at least one manic episode, while bipolar II involves hypomanic episodes but not full manic episodes. Therefore, asking about a history of manic episodes (C) is crucial for distinguishing between the two diagnoses.

Question 18

Winnie exhibits the essential feature of bipolar disorder, which is ____.

Accepted Answer

The essential feature of bipolar disorder is experiencing one or more manic or hypomanic episodes, often characterized by elevated mood, increased activity or energy levels, and other symptoms that are a significant change from the person's normal mood and behavior.

Question 19

Shauna experienced three different major depressive episodes during the fall and winter. She was unable to care for herself, and did not eat much. These symptoms suggest that Shauna is likely to have experienced which depressive disorder?

Accepted Answer

Shauna's symptoms and the seasonal timing of her depressive episodes suggest Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) with a seasonal pattern, often related to changes in seasons, particularly fall and winter, which is commonly known as Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD).

Question 20

Which individual best illustrates the symptoms of mania?

Accepted Answer

Paul's symptoms of boundless energy and irritability when frustrated are characteristic of mania, which includes elevated mood, increased activity or energy, and often difficulty controlling impulses.

Quiz 8: Depressive and Bipolar Disorders