In the Vernonia School District 47J v.Acton (1995)case,the U.S.Supreme Court ruled a drug testing program for student athletes to be constitutionally permissible.The key to this decision was the notion that:

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The U.S. Supreme Court held that student athletes' expectation of privacy is diminished even further than non extra-curricular students in the general student body due to the fact that they voluntarily subject themselves to a higher degree of regulation and scrutiny by participating in athletics. However, the Court did not find that student athletes have no expectation of privacy, and the program was not endorsed by the American Civil Liberties Union. Additionally, while the program was required for all student athletes, it was not considered overly broad or intrusive as it was limited to testing for drug use and designed to be minimally invasive.

In the Vernonia School District 47J V