Question 1

Which one of the following statements is false in regard to Charles Horton Cooley's conception of the looking-glass self?
A)We visualize how we appear to others.
B)We imagine a judgement about how others see us.
C)We feel shame or pride about imagined judgements.
D)We respond to people's actual judgements.

Accepted Answer

Cooley's concept of the looking-glass self involves imagining how we appear to others, imagining how others judge that appearance, and developing feelings about ourselves based on those imagined judgments. It does not involve responding to people's actual judgments, but rather our perception or imagination of their judgments.

Question 2

In this stage, children have not yet developed the mental capabilities that allow them to role-take at any level. This stage is the
A)play stage.
B)preparatory stage.
C)game stage.
D)presocialization stage.

Accepted Answer

The preparatory stage is when children mimic or imitate others without understanding others' perspectives, indicating they have not yet developed the ability to role-take. This stage typically occurs in very young children.

Question 3

Piaget maintained that learning and reasoning are rooted in
A)reflexive thinking.
B)role-playing.
C)active adaptation.
D)the looking-glass self.

Accepted Answer

Piaget's theory of cognitive development emphasizes that learning and reasoning come from active adaptation to the environment, where individuals construct knowledge through experiences.

Question 4

Those groups with which people identify and to which they feel loyalty toward, particularly when that attachment is founded on hatred of another group, are
A)essential groups.
B)respected groups.
C)out-groups.
D)in-groups.

Accepted Answer

In-groups are the social groups with which individuals identify and feel a sense of belonging. The loyalty towards an in-group often intensifies when juxtaposed against an out-group, especially in contexts of rivalry or conflict.

Question 5

The stage at which children mimic or imitate people around them without understanding the meaning of that which they are imitating is the
A)preparatory stage.
B)play stage.
C)game stage.
D)looking-glass self stage.

Accepted Answer

The preparatory stage is the first stage in George Herbert Mead's theory of social development, where children mimic or imitate others around them without understanding the meaning behind their actions. This stage typically occurs in very young children as they begin to learn through observation and replication.

Question 6

An Israeli soldier remarks "The Palestinian boys would look at you with hatred, such hatred that it reminded me of how the Jews in concentration camps in the Holocaust looked at [the guards]. You are the most evil thing on earth right now…". Charles Horton Cooley would argue that the guard imagining himself from the perspective of the Palestinian boys represents the dynamics of
A)"I".
B)"me".
C)looking-glass self.
D)cognitive development.

Accepted Answer

Cooley's concept of the "looking-glass self" describes how individuals form their self-image based on how they believe others perceive them. In this scenario, the Israeli soldier is imagining how he is viewed by the Palestinian boys, which aligns with the dynamics of the looking-glass self.

Question 7

During the _________ stage of cognitive development, children believe that objects removed from sight no longer exist.
A)sensorimotor
B)preoperational
C)concrete operational
D)formal operational

Accepted Answer

During the sensorimotor stage, which spans from birth to approximately 2 years of age, children learn about the world through their senses and actions. One of the key characteristics of this stage is the development of object permanence, the understanding that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen, heard, or touched. Before developing this concept, children believe that objects removed from sight no longer exist.

Question 8

During the game stage, children take on the role of the
A)significant other.
B)generalized other.
C)significant symbols.
D)rule maker.

Accepted Answer

During the game stage, children learn to take on the role of the "generalized other," which means they start to understand and anticipate the expectations and attitudes of the social group as a whole, rather than just individual relationships.

Question 9

Julie interacts with her doll as though she were its mother. Mead would argue that Julie has taken on the role of the
A)significant other.
B)generalized other.
C)looking glass self.
D)the subjective self.

Accepted Answer

Mead would argue that Julie has taken on the role of the significant other because she is engaging in role-taking, where she adopts the perspective or role of another individual who is important or significant in her life, such as a mother. This is a key concept in understanding how individuals develop a sense of self through social interactions.

Question 10

In this stage, children practice fitting their behavior into an already established behavior system that governs a game, such as baseball. This stage is the
A)play stage.
B)preparatory stage.
C)game stage.
D)post-socialization stage.

Accepted Answer

This stage is referred to as the "game stage," where children learn to understand and follow established rules and roles within a game, reflecting their ability to consider multiple roles and societal norms simultaneously.

Question 11

An Israeli soldier observes that some Palestinian girls are frightened to death when he is standing in their path. The soldier is engaging in
A)socialization.
B)internalization.
C)role-taking.
D)collective memory.

Accepted Answer

Role-taking involves understanding and anticipating the reactions of others to oneself, which is what the soldier is doing by recognizing the fear his presence instills in the Palestinian girls.

Question 12

The preparatory, play, and game stages allow children to practice
A)internalization.
B)collective memory.
C)imitation.
D)role-taking.

Accepted Answer

The preparatory, play, and game stages are part of George Herbert Mead's theory of social development, where children learn to take on roles and understand others' perspectives, known as role-taking.

Question 13

From the sociological point of view, Mead viewed play and games as important to children's social development because they
A)give them practice in agility.
B)increase motor skills.
C)help develop mental toughness.
D)allow children to learn and practice taking the role of the other.

Accepted Answer

Mead's theory emphasizes the importance of play and games in children's development because they enable children to practice role-taking, understanding situations from the perspectives of others, which is crucial for developing social skills and empathy.

Question 14

During the game stage, children learn
A)to make up rules as they go.
B)to mimic and imitate people in their environment.
C)to pretend to be people significant in their lives.
D)to see how their position fits relative to all other positions.

Accepted Answer

During the game stage, children learn to see how their position fits relative to all other positions. This stage involves understanding and organizing their own social position and relationships in a broader context, which is a key part of developing a sense of self and societal awareness.

Question 15

Language, facial expressions, tone of voice, and posture are all examples of
A)socialization.
B)significant symbols.
C)reflexive thinking.
D)role taking.

Accepted Answer

Significant symbols include language, facial expressions, tone of voice, and posture, as they are means of communication that convey meaning and facilitate interaction among individuals.

Question 16

A six-year-old believes that dark clouds in the sky are angry. That child is in the __________ stage.
A)sensorimotor
B)preoperational
C)concrete operational
D)formal operational

Accepted Answer

This belief is characteristic of the preoperational stage of cognitive development, according to Jean Piaget's theory. During this stage (approximately ages 2 to 7), children engage in symbolic play and struggle with understanding the perspectives of others, often attributing human characteristics to inanimate objects (anthropomorphism).

Question 17

Sociologists Amith Ben-David and Yoah Lavee's study in which they describe how Israeli family members interacted with one another during the SCUD missile attack shows that the family
A)can serve to buffer its members against the effects of negative circumstances or can exacerbate those effects.
B)is a supportive and positive influence during a crisis.
C)increases the stress of a crisis.
D)becomes divided and tense during a crisis.

Accepted Answer

The study by Amith Ben-David and Yoah Lavee demonstrates that families can either mitigate or worsen the impact of adverse situations on their members, indicating the dual potential roles families can play during crises.

Question 18

Researchers Ben-David and Lavee studied Israeli families to learn how members behaved toward one another during a missile attack. The researchers studied
A)an outgroup.
B)significant symbols.
C)a primary group.
D)collective memory.

Accepted Answer

A primary group refers to a small social group whose members share close, personal, enduring relationships, such as families. In the context of the study by Ben-David and Lavee, Israeli families being observed during a missile attack would be considered a primary group because the study focuses on the intimate, personal dynamics and behaviors within these families under stress.

Question 19

Tyler sits at the computer, mimicking the behavior of her mother with no real understanding of what she is doing. Tyler's family encourages this by telling her how cute she is. Tyler is in the
A)preparatory stage.
B)play stage.
C)game stage.
D)looking-glass self stage.

Accepted Answer

Tyler is in the preparatory stage, which is characterized by children imitating the people around them, especially their family members, without understanding the behaviors they are mimicking. This stage is typical of very young children as they begin to learn about the world around them.

Question 20

Palestinian and Israeli children, like children everywhere, learn to sing patriotic songs and say prayers before they can understand the words. This occurs when children are in the __________ stage.
A)preparatory
B)role-taking
C)play
D)game

Accepted Answer

The preparatory stage, according to sociologist George Herbert Mead, is when children mimic or imitate others without understanding the meaning behind their actions. This is the stage where children learn songs and prayers by rote, before they can grasp the concepts or words.

Quiz 4: Socialization: With Emphasis on In-Groups and Out-Groups

Which one of the following statements is false in regard to Charles Horton Cooley's conception of the looking-glass self?

In this stage, children have not yet developed the mental capabilities that allow them to role-take at any level. This stage is the

Piaget maintained that learning and reasoning are rooted in

Those groups with which people identify and to which they feel loyalty toward, particularly when that attachment is founded on hatred of another group, are

The stage at which children mimic or imitate people around them without understanding the meaning of that which they are imitating is the

During the _________ stage of cognitive development, children believe that objects removed from sight no longer exist.

During the game stage, children take on the role of the

Julie interacts with her doll as though she were its mother. Mead would argue that Julie has taken on the role of the

In this stage, children practice fitting their behavior into an already established behavior system that governs a game, such as baseball. This stage is the

An Israeli soldier observes that some Palestinian girls are frightened to death when he is standing in their path. The soldier is engaging in

The preparatory, play, and game stages allow children to practice

From the sociological point of view, Mead viewed play and games as important to children's social development because they

During the game stage, children learn

Language, facial expressions, tone of voice, and posture are all examples of

A six-year-old believes that dark clouds in the sky are angry. That child is in the __________ stage.

Sociologists Amith Ben-David and Yoah Lavee's study in which they describe how Israeli family members interacted with one another during the SCUD missile attack shows that the family

Researchers Ben-David and Lavee studied Israeli families to learn how members behaved toward one another during a missile attack. The researchers studied

Tyler sits at the computer, mimicking the behavior of her mother with no real understanding of what she is doing. Tyler's family encourages this by telling her how cute she is. Tyler is in the

Palestinian and Israeli children, like children everywhere, learn to sing patriotic songs and say prayers before they can understand the words. This occurs when children are in the __________ stage.