Question 1

In some traditional African cultures, children receive training to sit and walk at younger ages than in Europe and North America.

Accepted Answer

In many traditional African cultures, there is a practice of early physical training for infants, which includes exercises to strengthen their muscles and help them sit, stand, and walk at younger ages compared to norms in Europe and North America.

Question 2

Waking activity means that a baby is awake, calm, and attentive.

Accepted Answer

Waking activity refers to a state where a baby is awake but may be fussy, moving, or not necessarily calm and attentive.

Question 3

A child with high effortful control is able to maintain focus and is less distractible.

Accepted Answer

Effortful control refers to the ability to regulate one's behavior, emotions, and attention. A child with high effortful control can indeed maintain focus on tasks and is less likely to be distracted, as they can better manage their impulses and attention.

Question 4

Co-sleeping tends to be more common in cultures who value interdependence.

Accepted Answer

Co-sleeping is indeed more common in cultures that value interdependence, as these cultures often emphasize close family bonds and collective well-being, which is reflected in their sleeping practices.

Question 5

The neural plate develops into the brain and spinal cord.

Accepted Answer

The neural plate is a key embryonic structure that folds and closes to form the neural tube, which subsequently develops into the central nervous system, comprising the brain and spinal cord.

Question 6

Synaptic pruning significantly increases the number of neural connections in the brain.

Accepted Answer

Synaptic pruning is the process by which extra neurons and synaptic connections are eliminated in order to increase the efficiency of neuronal transmissions.

Question 7

To locomote means to move.

Accepted Answer

To locomote means to move from one place to another; it refers to the ability or action of movement.

Question 8

The fact that coarser objects are perceived as further away than more solid objects forms the basis of the concept of linear perspective.

Accepted Answer

The concept of linear perspective is based on the observation that parallel lines appear to converge as they recede into the distance, not on the texture or coarseness of objects.

Question 9

Breastfed babies are ill less often than bottle-fed babies.

Accepted Answer

Breastfed babies receive antibodies from their mothers that help lower their risk of many infections, making them ill less often compared to bottle-fed babies.

Question 10

Encouraging parents to have newborns sleep on their backs has led to a significant reduction in the incidence of sudden infant death syndrome.

Accepted Answer

Since the introduction of the "Back to Sleep" campaign (now known as "Safe to Sleep"), which recommends placing infants on their backs to sleep, there has been a significant decrease in the incidence of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).

Question 11

Reflexes are learned responses.

Accepted Answer

Reflexes are automatic, involuntary responses to stimuli that do not require learning or conscious thought.

Question 12

Experience does not influence brain development.

Accepted Answer

Experience significantly influences brain development through processes such as synaptic pruning and neuroplasticity, where the brain changes and adapts in response to learning and environmental stimuli.

Question 13

Jeffrey is a 3-year-old diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder who does not make connections between people's thoughts, intentions, and behaviors. Jeffery may be experiencing

Accepted Answer

Mindblindness refers to the inability to attribute mental states to oneself and others, a common challenge in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder, affecting their understanding of others' thoughts, intentions, and behaviors.

Question 14

A mad cry is a more intense version of a basic cry.

Accepted Answer

A mad cry is characterized by a more intense and louder expression compared to a basic cry, often indicating heightened distress or anger.

Question 15

REM sleep becomes significantly more common between birth and age 2 years.

Accepted Answer

REM sleep is more common in newborns and decreases as the child grows, stabilizing around age 2.

Question 16

Infants typically triple their body weight by the time of their first birthday.

Accepted Answer

Most infants triple their birth weight by their first birthday, which is a normal part of their growth and development.

Question 17

Body size is the key determinate of malnutrition in infancy.

Accepted Answer

Body size is a key determinant of malnutrition in infancy because it reflects the cumulative effects of nutritional status over time.

Question 18

Infant crying is typically accompanied by agitated and uncoordinated movement.

Accepted Answer

Infant crying is often accompanied by agitated and uncoordinated movements because they lack the motor control and coordination that older children and adults have, making their movements appear more erratic and uncontrolled when they are upset or in distress.

Question 19

Of all the senses, the sense of smell is probably the least developed in infants.

Accepted Answer

The sense of smell is actually quite developed in infants; they can recognize their mothers by scent shortly after birth.

Question 20

According to dynamic systems theory, once motor skills are originally organized, they do not change.

Accepted Answer

Dynamic systems theory suggests that motor skills are continuously adapting and reorganizing in response to the individual's environment, task, and body changes, indicating that motor skills are not fixed but rather change over time.

Quiz 3: Tools for Exploring the World: Physical, Perceptual, and Motor Development