Question 1

A probable contributing factor to the rise of individualism in the West was

Accepted Answer

The Second Vatican Council (1962-1965) brought about significant changes in the Catholic Church, including a shift towards a greater emphasis on individualism and personal choice in matters of faith and morality. This had a broader cultural impact and may have contributed to the rise of individualism in the West.

Question 2

Most who fear globalization worry that it will lead to

Accepted Answer

Those who fear globalization often worry that it will lead to the dominance of American culture and values, also known as "Americanization." This would entail the spread of multinational corporations and popular American products, leading to a homogenization of cultures worldwide. The other options do not reflect common concerns regarding globalization.

Question 3

Economies in Latin America generally faltered and fell during the late twentieth century because

Accepted Answer

Authoritarian regimes mismanaged the economy, leading to a decline in the price of basic export commodities, which greatly impacted the economies in Latin America. This, in turn, resulted in reduced revenue and increased debt, leading to an economic downturn.

Question 4

Japanese business culture after the 1950s differed greatly from Western business culture in that

Accepted Answer

After World War II, Japan underwent a large-scale transformation of its business culture, which came to be known as the "Japanese economic miracle." The culture was characterized by a strong sense of corporate loyalty and dedication in which workers often sacrificed their own social life for the betterment of the company. This was in contrast to the more individualistic and independent work culture in the West.

Question 5

Japan became the second largest economy in the world in

Accepted Answer

Japan became the second largest economy in the world in 1969, after a period of rapid economic growth known as the "Japanese Miracle".

Question 6

All of the following successes can be attributed to government health policies EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Government health policies have not been able to effectively reduce medical costs in most cases. In fact, healthcare expenditure has been on the rise in most countries, mainly due to advances in medical technology and an aging population.

Question 7

In China during the 1960s,the generation gap and potential rebellion of the youth was

Accepted Answer

The potential rebellion of the youth was not defeated or deflected by force, but it was purposely channeled into the Cultural Revolution, which was a mass movement led by Mao Zedong that aimed to eradicate old beliefs and customs and promote his revolutionary ideology. The youth were encouraged to criticize and even attack traditional values, authority figures, and intellectuals, and to form Red Guard groups to enforce Maoist doctrines. This created a temporary sense of unity and empowerment among the youth, but also led to violence, chaos, and political persecution. The adoption of Western clothing styles and musical tastes was partly a reaction to the Maoist restrictions on individual expression and foreign influences, but it was also a way for some youths to express their dissatisfaction with the official propaganda and conformity. However, it was not the main factor in the generation gap and potential rebellion in China during the 1960s. The Vietnam War and other international conflicts did affect China's foreign policy and military recruitment, but they did not have a major impact on the domestic youth culture and politics.

Question 8

One profound change that occurred in the West as a result of counter-colonization was

Accepted Answer

Counter-colonization led to a growing interest in Eastern religions and philosophies in the West as people began to question the dominance of Western culture and values. This resulted in a trend towards multiculturalism and cultural exchange, with many Westerners seeking to learn more about non-Western cultures and ways of thinking.

Question 9

Women have been heads of state or prime ministers in

Accepted Answer

Women have served as heads of state or prime ministers in Israel (Golda Meir), Bangladesh (Sheikh Hasina), Great Britain (Margaret Thatcher and Theresa May), and Germany (Angela Merkel).

Question 10

The single event that was most critical in encouraging regimentation and collectivism in Western countries was

Accepted Answer

The Second World War was a critical event that led to increased regimentation and collectivism in Western countries due to the need for coordinated national efforts in war production, resource allocation, and social unity.

Question 11

The following all led to inflation during the last decades of the twentieth century EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Unemployment typically leads to lower demand and can reduce inflationary pressures, rather than cause inflation.

Question 12

Planned utopian societies failed because not only do people love liberty,but also because

Accepted Answer

The answer of Planned utopian societies failed because not only...

Question 13

Urban guerilla movements in the 1960s and 1970s were commonly made up of

Accepted Answer

Urban guerrilla movements of the 1960s and 1970s were often comprised of young people who were dissatisfied with the political and social status quo. They sought radical change and used violence as a means to achieve their goals. These groups were often associated with left-wing ideologies, such as communism or socialism, and saw themselves as fighting against capitalist and imperialist systems. Peasants and workers were more commonly associated with rural-based guerrilla movements. Gangs involved in drug trafficking and religious fanatics were not typically involved in urban guerrilla movements.

Question 14

The atrocities of the twentieth century were greater than those of earlier times because of changing

Accepted Answer

The advances in technology in the twentieth century, such as advanced transportation and communication, allowed for more efficient and widespread implementation of atrocities. For example, the Holocaust would not have been possible without the use of railroads and gas chambers to systematically exterminate millions of people.

Question 15

The mass killing of six million Jews by the Nazi regime was particularly horrific because

Accepted Answer

The mass killing of six million Jews by the Nazi regime was particularly horrific because of the combination of reasons listed in options A, B, and C. The industrialization of the killing process through the use of gas chambers and crematoria made the genocide more efficient and systematic. The use of victims as human guinea pigs for medical experimentation added a level of cruelty and dehumanization to the mass murder. And the use of victims as forced laborers in concentration and extermination camps contributed to the exploitation and degradation of millions of people. All of these factors combined to make the Holocaust one of the most infamous and devastating events in human history.

Question 16

Immigration to Australia changed dramatically after 1961 because of

Accepted Answer

The "white Australia" policy was a set of laws that restricted immigration to Australia to only those who were white and deemed to be of "good character." In 1961, these laws were repealed, allowing for more diverse immigration to Australia. This change had a significant impact on the makeup of Australia's population and the country's identity as a whole.

Question 17

In Japan,the rootless young generation of the late twentieth century was so profoundly different in their rejection of tradition that they were referred to as

Accepted Answer

The rootless young generation of the late twentieth century in Japan rejected tradition so strongly that they were referred to as "shinjinrui," which translates to "new humans." This term was used to emphasize just how fundamentally different this generation was from their predecessors. The other choices do not accurately describe this specific cultural phenomenon in Japan.

Question 18

Malcolm X argued that

Accepted Answer

Malcolm X emphasized the importance of African Americans reconnecting with their African heritage and roots philosophically and spiritually, rather than advocating for a physical return to Africa.

Question 19

Aside from economic reasons,the largest number of immigrants came to the West primarily because of

Accepted Answer

Tyrannies and political instability at home were one of the primary reasons why many immigrants came to the West. Many people fled their countries because of political turmoil and sought refuge in countries with stable political systems. This was particularly true for immigrants coming from countries with authoritarian governments, where basic human rights were often violated.

Question 20

According to Marxist theorists,individualism was

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Marxist theorists,individualism was
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Quiz 29: The Pursuit of Utopia: Civil Society in the Twentieth Century