Question 1

What process halts the net movement of water from a hypotonic solution into a plant's cells and often provides the structural support to many plants?

Accepted Answer

Turgor pressure is the pressure of the cell contents against the cell wall in plant cells, which halts the net movement of water into the cells when the cells are in a hypotonic solution. It also provides structural support to the plant, helping it to stand upright.

Question 2

Since sodium-potassium pumps transport sodium ions out of a cell and potassium ions into a cell, what type of carrier proteins are they?

Accepted Answer

Sodium-potassium pumps are antiporters because they move sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell in opposite directions.

Question 3

Fluid that has a higher osmotic pressure than a cell is called ___________.

Accepted Answer

A fluid with a higher osmotic pressure than a cell is called hypertonic. In this case, water moves out of the cell, causing it to shrink or undergo plasmolysis. A hypotonic solution has a lower osmotic pressure than a cell, causing water to move into the cell, potentially causing it to burst. Isotonic solutions have an equal osmotic pressure to a cell, resulting in no net movement of water. Turgor pressure refers to the pressure exerted by water inside a cell against the cell wall.

Question 4

You light a scented candle in the guest bathroom. Within a few minutes, you can smell the candle's scent throughout the hallway. What process is occurring?

Accepted Answer

The scent spreading from the candle throughout the hallway is an example of simple diffusion, where molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration until they are evenly distributed.

Question 5

A patient who has had a severe hemorrhage accidentally receives a large transfusion of distilled water directly into a major blood vessel. What effect will this have on the patient?

Accepted Answer

Infusing distilled water directly into the bloodstream will lead to hypotonic conditions, causing red blood cells to swell and potentially burst (hemolysis), which can have serious or fatal consequences.

Question 6

What is the passive movement of water along a concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis is the correct term for the passive movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from a region of lower solute concentration to a region of higher solute concentration.

Question 7

If the concentration of solutes in a cell is less than the concentration of solutes in the surrounding fluid, then the extracellular fluid is said to be

Accepted Answer

When the concentration of solutes outside the cell is higher than inside, the extracellular fluid is considered hypertonic. This causes water to move out of the cell, potentially leading to cell shrinkage.

Question 8

Fluid that has a higher osmotic pressure than a cell is called ___________.

Accepted Answer

A fluid with a higher osmotic pressure than a cell is termed hypertonic. This means the fluid has a higher concentration of solutes compared to the inside of the cell, leading to the movement of water out of the cell.

Question 9

Once ligand molecules bind to receptors in coated pits of a plasma membrane, the next step of receptor-mediated endocytosis would be

Accepted Answer

After ligands bind to receptors in coated pits, the next step in receptor-mediated endocytosis is the formation of a coated vesicle through the process of endocytosis.

Question 10

What have studies of glucose transport in liposomes revealed?

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that glucose transport involves a carrier protein that undergoes a conformational change upon glucose binding, facilitating its transport across the membrane.

Question 11

Figure 5-1 ​

Refer to the accompanying figure. Which best describes what is happening to the red blood cells in Fig. A?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Figure 5-1 ​

Refer to the accompanying figure....

Question 12

Figure 5-1 ​

Refer to the accompanying figure. Which best describes the red blood cells in Fig. B?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Figure 5-1 ​

Refer to the accompanying figure....

Question 13

In cells that are constantly involved in secretion, an equivalent amount of membrane must be returned to the interior of the cell for each vesicle that fuses with the plasma membrane; if this does not occur, then what would happen?

Accepted Answer

When vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane during secretion, they add their membrane to the cell surface. If an equivalent amount of membrane is not retrieved, the cell surface will keep expanding.

Question 14

When the net movement of water in and out a cell is zero, that solution is said to be

Accepted Answer

When the net movement of water in and out of a cell is zero, the solution surrounding the cell is said to be isotonic. This means the concentration of solutes outside the cell is equal to the concentration inside the cell, resulting in no net water movement across the cell membrane.

Question 15

The process by which the plasma membrane separates from the cell wall is called ______.

Accepted Answer

Plasmolysis is the process where the plasma membrane of a plant cell separates from the cell wall due to the loss of water through osmosis, typically when the cell is in a hypertonic solution.

Question 16

The role of ATP in the sodium-potassium pump is

Accepted Answer

ATP provides the energy required for the sodium-potassium pump to transfer sodium ions (Na+) to the outside of a cell, while simultaneously moving potassium ions (K+) into the cell, maintaining the essential electrochemical gradients necessary for various cellular processes.

Question 17

What happens during the cotransport of glucose and sodium ions?

Accepted Answer

Both D and E are correct. In cotransport, glucose is transported against its concentration gradient (D), while sodium ions move down their concentration gradient (E), facilitating the transport of glucose into the cell. This process does not directly involve ATP causing a conformational change in the carrier protein, which is a characteristic of active transport mechanisms.

Question 18

What is required for facilitated diffusion to take place?

Accepted Answer

Facilitated diffusion requires a transmembrane protein to transport molecules across the cell membrane.

Question 19

The sodium-potassium pump is a carrier protein that maintains a(n) ____ gradient across the plasma membrane.

Accepted Answer

The sodium-potassium pump maintains an electrochemical gradient by moving sodium and potassium ions across the plasma membrane, which is crucial for various cellular processes.

Question 20

Although glucose molecules constantly diffuse into a red blood cell along their concentration gradient, equilibrium is never reached and a steep concentration gradient is continually maintained. What causes this?

Accepted Answer

Glucose is rapidly phosphorylated to glucose-6-phosphate upon entering the cell, preventing it from diffusing back out and maintaining a concentration gradient.

Quiz 5: Biological Membranes

What process halts the net movement of water from a hypotonic solution into a plant's cells and often provides the structural support to many plants?

Since sodium-potassium pumps transport sodium ions out of a cell and potassium ions into a cell, what type of carrier proteins are they?

Fluid that has a higher osmotic pressure than a cell is called ___________.

You light a scented candle in the guest bathroom. Within a few minutes, you can smell the candle's scent throughout the hallway. What process is occurring?

A patient who has had a severe hemorrhage accidentally receives a large transfusion of distilled water directly into a major blood vessel. What effect will this have on the patient?

What is the passive movement of water along a concentration gradient?

If the concentration of solutes in a cell is less than the concentration of solutes in the surrounding fluid, then the extracellular fluid is said to be

Fluid that has a higher osmotic pressure than a cell is called ___________.

Once ligand molecules bind to receptors in coated pits of a plasma membrane, the next step of receptor-mediated endocytosis would be

What have studies of glucose transport in liposomes revealed?

Figure 5-1 Refer to the accompanying figure. Which best describes what is happening to the red blood cells in Fig. A?

Figure 5-1 Refer to the accompanying figure. Which best describes the red blood cells in Fig. B?

In cells that are constantly involved in secretion, an equivalent amount of membrane must be returned to the interior of the cell for each vesicle that fuses with the plasma membrane; if this does not occur, then what would happen?

When the net movement of water in and out a cell is zero, that solution is said to be

The process by which the plasma membrane separates from the cell wall is called ______.

The role of ATP in the sodium-potassium pump is

What happens during the cotransport of glucose and sodium ions?

What is required for facilitated diffusion to take place?

The sodium-potassium pump is a carrier protein that maintains a(n) ____ gradient across the plasma membrane.

Although glucose molecules constantly diffuse into a red blood cell along their concentration gradient, equilibrium is never reached and a steep concentration gradient is continually maintained. What causes this?

Quiz 5: Biological Membranes

What process halts the net movement of water from a hypotonic solution into a plant's cells and often provides the structural support to many plants?

Since sodium-potassium pumps transport sodium ions out of a cell and potassium ions into a cell, what type of carrier proteins are they?

Fluid that has a higher osmotic pressure than a cell is called ___________.

You light a scented candle in the guest bathroom. Within a few minutes, you can smell the candle's scent throughout the hallway. What process is occurring?

A patient who has had a severe hemorrhage accidentally receives a large transfusion of distilled water directly into a major blood vessel. What effect will this have on the patient?

What is the passive movement of water along a concentration gradient?

If the concentration of solutes in a cell is less than the concentration of solutes in the surrounding fluid, then the extracellular fluid is said to be

Fluid that has a higher osmotic pressure than a cell is called ___________.

Once ligand molecules bind to receptors in coated pits of a plasma membrane, the next step of receptor-mediated endocytosis would be

What have studies of glucose transport in liposomes revealed?

Figure 5-1 ​ Refer to the accompanying figure. Which best describes what is happening to the red blood cells in Fig. A?

Figure 5-1 ​ Refer to the accompanying figure. Which best describes the red blood cells in Fig. B?

In cells that are constantly involved in secretion, an equivalent amount of membrane must be returned to the interior of the cell for each vesicle that fuses with the plasma membrane; if this does not occur, then what would happen?

When the net movement of water in and out a cell is zero, that solution is said to be

The process by which the plasma membrane separates from the cell wall is called ______.

The role of ATP in the sodium-potassium pump is

What happens during the cotransport of glucose and sodium ions?

What is required for facilitated diffusion to take place?

The sodium-potassium pump is a carrier protein that maintains a(n) ____ gradient across the plasma membrane.

Although glucose molecules constantly diffuse into a red blood cell along their concentration gradient, equilibrium is never reached and a steep concentration gradient is continually maintained. What causes this?

Figure 5-1 Refer to the accompanying figure. Which best describes what is happening to the red blood cells in Fig. A?

Figure 5-1 Refer to the accompanying figure. Which best describes the red blood cells in Fig. B?