Question 1

A change in a population's diet from traditional foods such as grains, roots, beans, and rice to calorie-dense foods high in sugar, fat, sodium, and other components that characterize Western diets is referred to as _____.

Accepted Answer

The term "nutrition transition" refers to the shift in dietary consumption and energy expenditure that coincides with economic, demographic, and epidemiological changes, often characterized by a move from traditional diets to Western-style diets high in sugar, fat, and sodium.

Question 2

On an average, individuals in countries with high human development scores live for over _____ years.

Accepted Answer

Countries with high human development scores typically have better healthcare, nutrition, and living conditions, leading to higher life expectancies, often over 70 years.

Question 3

When the percentage of low birthweight newborns is high in a country, undernutrition is generally common.

Accepted Answer

Low birthweight is often a result of poor maternal nutrition during pregnancy, which can be indicative of widespread undernutrition in a country.

Question 4

Which of the following factors is a key indicator of the general state of the health of a population?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following factors is a...

Question 5

Poor and corrupt governance is one of the root causes of malnutrition in developing countries.

Accepted Answer

Poor and corrupt governance can lead to inadequate distribution of resources, lack of access to healthcare and education, and ineffective implementation of nutrition programs, all of which contribute to malnutrition in developing countries.

Question 6

The cause of kwashiorkor is unclear.

Accepted Answer

The exact cause of kwashiorkor is still unknown, but it is believed to be related to a combination of factors, including a lack of protein in the diet, infections, and other environmental and genetic factors.

Question 7

What percentage of infants are born with low birthweights worldwide?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What percentage of infants are born with...

Question 8

Children born to poorly nourished women in countries with low levels of human development may be biologically programmed in the womb to conserve _____.

Accepted Answer

Children born to poorly nourished women in countries with low levels of human development may be biologically programmed in the womb to conserve energy. This is because the fetus adapts to the low nutrient availability by slowing down its metabolic rate and relying more on stored energy. This adaptation can have long-term effects on the child's health and may increase their risk for obesity and other metabolic diseases later in life.

Question 9

Education is a factor in the human development index.

Accepted Answer

Education is one of the three components of the human development index, along with health and income. It is considered a crucial factor in overall human development.

Question 10

Ethiopia is among the bottom 20 countries based on the level of human development.

Accepted Answer

Ethiopia is ranked 173rd out of 189 countries in the 2020 Human Development Index, placing it among the bottom 20 countries in terms of human development.

Question 11

The excess accumulation of fat places children at an increased risk for diabetes later in life.

Accepted Answer

Excess fat accumulation can lead to insulin resistance, a key factor in the development of type 2 diabetes, increasing the risk for children as they age.

Question 12

HIV infection progresses very slowly into AIDS in malnourished individuals.

Accepted Answer

Malnourished individuals often experience a faster progression from HIV infection to AIDS due to weakened immune systems and lack of essential nutrients needed to fight the virus.

Question 13

Only small differences exist in standards of living and health status among people in the world's countries.

Accepted Answer

There are significant differences in standards of living and health status among people in different countries, with factors such as income, education, access to healthcare, and living conditions all having an impact.

Question 14

Children with severe malnutrition are at high risk of dying from _____.

Accepted Answer

Children with severe malnutrition are at high risk of dying from infectious diseases as malnutrition weakens the immune system and makes it difficult for the body to fight off infections.

Question 15

Approximately half of young children and pregnant women in the world are calcium deficient.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Approximately half of young children and pregnant...

Question 16

On an average, individuals in countries with low human development scores have a life expectancy of approximately _____ years.

Accepted Answer

Countries with low human development scores typically have a life expectancy around 60 years, reflecting challenges in healthcare, nutrition, and living conditions.

Question 17

Children suffering from marasmus may appear fat because of massive swelling.

Accepted Answer

Marasmus is characterized by severe undernutrition and muscle wasting, leading to a very thin appearance, not swelling. Swelling is more associated with kwashiorkor, another form of malnutrition.

Question 18

Most deaths of children under the age of five in countries with low levels of human development are related to the collapse of the government.

Accepted Answer

Most deaths of children under five in low human development countries are primarily due to preventable causes like malnutrition, infectious diseases, and lack of access to clean water and healthcare, rather than government collapse.

Question 19

Young children with _____ appear to be genetically susceptible to developing faulty protein utilization mechanisms when chronically exposed to protein and calorie shortages.

Accepted Answer

The question is asking for a condition in which children are genetically susceptible to developing faulty protein utilization mechanisms with chronic exposure to protein and calorie shortages. Marasmus is a severe malnutrition condition caused by a lack of protein and calories, but it does not specifically mention genetic susceptibility to developing faulty protein utilization mechanisms. Iron deficiency, vitamin A deficiency, and iodine deficiency are all nutritional deficiencies but do not directly relate to protein utilization mechanisms. Kwashiorkor is a condition in which protein deficiency is present, and research suggests that some children may be genetically susceptible to developing the faulty protein utilization mechanisms associated with this condition. Therefore, the best choice is B - kwashiorkor.

Question 20

The United States has the highest human development score worldwide.

Accepted Answer

According to the Human Development Index (HDI) report by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), released in 2020, the United States ranks 17th in the world for human development. Norway, Switzerland, Ireland, Germany, and Hong Kong SAR (China) are the top five countries with the highest HDI scores.

Quiz 33: Aspects of Global Nutrition