A complex mixture of European powers in what is today called South Africa eventually gave rise to a system that divided the country along racial lines until the 1990s.The historical legacy that fostered this was

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European powers, primarily the British and Dutch, colonized South Africa in the 17th century and established a system of racial segregation and control over the indigenous population. This colonial legacy contributed to the eventual establishment of apartheid, which institutionalized segregation and discrimination based on race. While imperialism and communism played a role in South Africa's history, neither is as directly linked to the country's system of apartheid as colonialism.

A Complex Mixture of European Powers in What Is Today