When a neutral stimulus is followed by an unconditioned stimulus that consistently produces an unlearned reaction, called the unconditioned response, the previously neutral stimulus begins to produce this response directly.This process is called

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The process described in the question is classic classical conditioning. This involves pairing a neutral stimulus (such as a bell) with an unconditioned stimulus (such as food) that elicits an unconditioned response (such as salivation). Over time, the neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus that elicits the same response (salivation) as the unconditioned stimulus (food).

When a Neutral Stimulus Is Followed by an Unconditioned Stimulus