Question 1

Helga paints her fingernails with a bitter-tasting substance so that every time she begins to bite her fingernails, she will experience a bitter taste.This method to alleviate nail biting would be considered

Accepted Answer

Aversion therapy involves pairing an unpleasant stimulus with a behavior to reduce or eliminate the behavior, which is exactly what Helga is doing by applying the bitter-tasting substance to her fingernails to prevent herself from biting them. Systematic desensitization is a type of therapy used to overcome phobias and anxieties through gradual exposure to the feared stimulus in a controlled environment, so it is not relevant to Helga's situation. Transference refers to projecting feelings or emotions onto a therapist or someone else in a therapeutic setting, which is also not applicable here. Somatic therapy refers to therapies that focus on the body as well as the mind, which is not relevant to this situation.

Question 2

The owner of a chicken ranch ends a pet dog's habit of stealing and eating eggs by allowing the dog to "find" and eat several eggs laced with Tabasco sauce.The ranch owner's approach is similar to

Accepted Answer

The ranch owner's approach involves using an aversive stimulus (Tabasco sauce) to eliminate the dog's behavior of stealing and eating eggs. This is an example of aversion therapy, where an undesirable behavior is suppressed by associating it with an unpleasant consequence.

Question 3

Not many physicians who treat lung cancer patients are smokers.This observation helps explain the effectiveness of

Accepted Answer

Aversion therapy is a type of treatment that involves associating a negative stimulus with a behavior or habit. In this case, physicians who treat lung cancer patients have likely experienced the negative consequences of smoking firsthand, and therefore may be less likely to smoke themselves. This association may serve as a deterrent for them and reinforce the importance of avoiding smoking to prevent lung cancer.

Question 4

If you are eating an apple and bite a large green worm in half, you may not be able to look at an apple for several months without feeling ill because you have developed a(n)

Accepted Answer

The experience of biting into an apple and finding a worm has likely caused a strong negative reaction (feeling ill), which can result in a conditioned aversion to apples. This means that the person has associated the taste and smell of apples with the unpleasant experience of finding a worm, leading to a avoidance of apples in the future. Systematic desensitization and extinction are usually used to treat phobias or conditioned emotional responses, and spontaneous recovery refers to the reemergence of a previously extinguished response after a period of time.

Question 5

By using which of the following could Alba learn to associate a negative emotional response with her undesirable habit of compulsive hair-pulling?

Accepted Answer

Aversion therapy is a type of behavior therapy that aims to reduce undesirable behaviors by pairing them with an unpleasant stimulus, in this case, Alba's hair-pulling behavior would be paired with a negative emotional response, such as nausea or discomfort. This would encourage her to stop the behavior because of the negative association. Operant conditioning, escape training, and conditioned helplessness do not specifically involve pairing undesirable behaviors with negative emotional responses.

Question 6

Tommy has been an emergency room doctor for six years.After the horrible injuries he has seen from car accidents, Tommy does not drive without using a seat belt.This situation with Tommy illustrates the effectiveness of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Tommy's behavior is a result of aversion therapy, where he has been conditioned to always use a seat belt due to the negative association he has with car accident injuries.

Question 7

For a child, the sight of a needle (CS)is followed by an injection (US), which causes fear (UR).Eventually the sight of the needle (CS)may produce a learned fear of the needle (CR).This illustrates

Accepted Answer

This scenario follows the basic principles of classical conditioning, where a neutral stimulus (the sight of a needle) becomes associated with an unconditioned stimulus (the injection) to elicit a conditioned response (fear of the needle). Operant conditioning involves the learning of behaviors based on the consequences of those behaviors, and social/observational learning involves the learning of behaviors by observing others.

Question 8

Aversion therapy has been used to successfully treat all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

Aversion therapy is not an appropriate treatment for acute stress and posttraumatic stress disorders. These conditions require a different approach to treatment, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy or medication. Aversion therapy is typically used to treat addictive or compulsive behaviors, unwanted habits, or phobias.

Question 9

Which of the following utilizes classical conditioning in helping an individual to suppress an undesirable response by associating it with uncomfortable stimuli?

Accepted Answer

Aversion therapy is the only technique listed that uses classical conditioning to create an association between an undesirable behavior and an uncomfortable stimulus in order to suppress the behavior. Desensitization uses classical conditioning to reduce anxiety by gradually exposing the individual to the feared stimulus paired with a relaxation response. Somatic therapy focuses on physical sensations and body awareness to facilitate emotional healing. Brief psychodynamic therapy is a form of talk therapy that focuses on identifying and resolving unconscious conflicts.

Question 10

Aversion therapy, desensitization, and token economies are part of __________ therapy.

Accepted Answer

Aversion therapy, desensitization, and token economies are all techniques used in behavior therapy, which focuses on changing maladaptive behaviors through reinforcement, conditioning, and other methods. Existential therapy is a humanistic approach that focuses on finding meaning and purpose in life, somatic therapy focuses on the mind-body connection, and psychodynamic therapy focuses on unconscious conflicts and past experiences.

Question 11

Which of the following would NOT be considered a behavior therapy?

Accepted Answer

Somatic therapy is a type of therapy that focuses on the physical body and can involve techniques such as massage or acupuncture. It is not typically considered a form of behavior therapy, which focuses on changing maladaptive behaviors through learning principles and techniques such as aversion therapy, desensitization, and applied behavior analysis.

Question 12

The process of suppressing an undesirable habit, such as smoking or drinking, by associating it with a painful or uncomfortable stimulus is known as

Accepted Answer

This process is known as aversion therapy. It involves pairing the undesirable behavior with a negative stimulus in order to decrease the frequency of the behavior. For example, someone trying to quit smoking may wear a rubber band on their wrist and snap it whenever they feel the urge to smoke. This creates an unpleasant experience that is associated with the urge to smoke, ultimately reducing the frequency of the behavior.

Question 13

When a neutral stimulus is followed by an unconditioned stimulus that consistently produces an unlearned reaction, called the unconditioned response, the previously neutral stimulus begins to produce this response directly.This process is called

Accepted Answer

The process described in the question is classic classical conditioning. This involves pairing a neutral stimulus (such as a bell) with an unconditioned stimulus (such as food) that elicits an unconditioned response (such as salivation). Over time, the neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus that elicits the same response (salivation) as the unconditioned stimulus (food).

Question 14

Aversion therapy has been used to successfully treat all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

The answer of Aversion therapy has been used to successfully...

Question 15

Therapists using applied behavior analysis would view mental disorders as

Accepted Answer

Therapists using applied behavior analysis view mental disorders as patterns of maladaptive behavior that were learned and can be modified through new learning and reinforcement of more adaptive behavior. This approach is based on the premise that behavior is shaped by the environmental factors and consequences that reinforce it, rather than solely by internal processes such as biochemistry or unconscious conflicts. Therefore, the focus is on changing behavior through systematic assessment, intervention, and reinforcement of desired behaviors.

Question 16

Classical conditioning can be used to associate discomfort with a bad habit.More powerful versions of this approach are called

Accepted Answer

Aversion therapy is a more powerful version of classical conditioning where an unpleasant stimulus is consistently paired with a behavior or habit in order to decrease the likelihood of that behavior or habit being repeated in the future.

Question 17

A learned dislike or negative emotional response to some stimulus is called a(n)

Accepted Answer

Conditioned aversion refers to a learned dislike or negative emotional response to a stimulus that was previously neutral or even positive. This is typically the result of classical conditioning, in which an originally neutral stimulus (such as a particular food) becomes associated with an aversive or unpleasant outcome (such as nausea). As a result of the conditioning, the previously neutral stimulus can now trigger negative emotions or avoidance behaviors. Desensitization, spontaneous recovery, and extinction are other types of learning processes that are unrelated to conditioned aversion.

Question 18

A form of learning in which simple responses (especially reflexes)are associated with new stimuli is called

Accepted Answer

Classical conditioning is the form of learning in which a previously neutral stimulus is repeatedly paired with an unconditioned stimulus to elicit a conditioned response. It involves association between simple responses (reflexes) and new stimuli. Operant conditioning involves learning based on the consequences of behavior, social learning involves learning through observation of others, and rational-emotive behavior therapy is a type of therapy aimed at changing irrational beliefs and thoughts.

Question 19

During aversion therapy, which of the following types of learning is being used to associate discomfort with the undesirable habit?

Accepted Answer

Aversion therapy is a form of classical conditioning in which an undesirable behavior is paired with an unpleasant stimulus, such as a bad smell or a mild electric shock, to create a negative association with the behavior. The goal is to decrease the occurrence of the behavior by conditioning the individual to associate discomfort or pain with it.

Question 20

Carena has a bad habit of biting her fingernails and pulling at her cuticles until her fingers bleed and have sores.Her therapist is teaching her how not to bite and pick at her fingernails using various learning principles.Her therapist is using

Accepted Answer

The therapist is using behavior modification, which is a therapeutic approach based on the principles of operant conditioning. The therapist is teaching Carena how to stop the behavior by providing positive reinforcement for not biting and picking at her nails and also providing punishment for engaging in the behavior.

Quiz 15: Therapies.

Helga paints her fingernails with a bitter-tasting substance so that every time she begins to bite her fingernails, she will experience a bitter taste.This method to alleviate nail biting would be considered

The owner of a chicken ranch ends a pet dog's habit of stealing and eating eggs by allowing the dog to "find" and eat several eggs laced with Tabasco sauce.The ranch owner's approach is similar to

Not many physicians who treat lung cancer patients are smokers.This observation helps explain the effectiveness of

If you are eating an apple and bite a large green worm in half, you may not be able to look at an apple for several months without feeling ill because you have developed a(n)

By using which of the following could Alba learn to associate a negative emotional response with her undesirable habit of compulsive hair-pulling?

Tommy has been an emergency room doctor for six years.After the horrible injuries he has seen from car accidents, Tommy does not drive without using a seat belt.This situation with Tommy illustrates the effectiveness of which of the following?

For a child, the sight of a needle (CS) is followed by an injection (US) , which causes fear (UR) .Eventually the sight of the needle (CS) may produce a learned fear of the needle (CR) .This illustrates

Aversion therapy has been used to successfully treat all of the following EXCEPT

Which of the following utilizes classical conditioning in helping an individual to suppress an undesirable response by associating it with uncomfortable stimuli?

Aversion therapy, desensitization, and token economies are part of __________ therapy.

Which of the following would NOT be considered a behavior therapy?

The process of suppressing an undesirable habit, such as smoking or drinking, by associating it with a painful or uncomfortable stimulus is known as

When a neutral stimulus is followed by an unconditioned stimulus that consistently produces an unlearned reaction, called the unconditioned response, the previously neutral stimulus begins to produce this response directly.This process is called

Aversion therapy has been used to successfully treat all of the following EXCEPT

Therapists using applied behavior analysis would view mental disorders as

Classical conditioning can be used to associate discomfort with a bad habit.More powerful versions of this approach are called

A learned dislike or negative emotional response to some stimulus is called a(n)

A form of learning in which simple responses (especially reflexes) are associated with new stimuli is called

During aversion therapy, which of the following types of learning is being used to associate discomfort with the undesirable habit?

Carena has a bad habit of biting her fingernails and pulling at her cuticles until her fingers bleed and have sores.Her therapist is teaching her how not to bite and pick at her fingernails using various learning principles.Her therapist is using