Dual Federalism Is a Term Used to Describe a Circumstance

Dual federalism is a term used to describe a circumstance in which

A) national and state governments are sovereign and equal within their constitutionally allocated spheres of authority.
B) the state governments, having called the original Constitutional Convention, may agree to nullify federal acts.
C) new grants-in-aid are made.
D) the linkages and joint arrangements among the three levels of government are stressed.