Question 1

The plant hormone ____ is generally responsible for long-term inhibition of plant growth such as in buds and seeds.

Accepted Answer

Abscisic acid is known for its role in inhibiting growth, promoting dormancy in buds and seeds, and helping plants respond to stress conditions.

Question 2

After a plant has survived a microbial invasion, the rest of the plant is often less vulnerable to future infections. This is called ____.

Accepted Answer

Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is a "whole-plant" resistance response that occurs following an earlier localized exposure to a pathogen. SAR involves the priming of the plant's defense mechanisms, making it more resistant to future attacks by pathogens.

Question 3

Chaperone-type proteins that stabilize other proteins in response to environmental stresses such as salinity, drought, heat, and cold are ____.

Accepted Answer

Heat-shock proteins are a type of chaperone proteins that help in stabilizing and folding other proteins under stress conditions such as heat, cold, drought, and salinity.

Question 4

Imagine that you own a nursery and you want to reduce the chance that plants you ship will suffer from shipping damage. You should you apply ____ to the plants before shipping.

Accepted Answer

Abscisic acid helps plants withstand stress conditions, such as shipping, by inducing dormancy and reducing water loss.

Question 5

The plant hormone ____ stimulates stomata to close during a drought.

Accepted Answer

Abscisic acid is known for its role in regulating plant stress responses, such as closing stomata during drought conditions to reduce water loss.

Question 6

The synthesis of ____ is triggered when cells bind systemin.

Accepted Answer

Jasmonate synthesis is triggered when cells bind systemin, which is part of the plant's defense response to injury or attack.

Question 7

Bioactive specialized compounds that function to protect plants from viral, fungal and bacterial pathogens are ____.

Accepted Answer

Phytoalexins are bioactive specialized compounds produced by plants in response to stress, including attacks by pathogens such as viruses, fungi, and bacteria. They serve as a defense mechanism, inhibiting the growth or spread of the invading organisms.

Question 8

The plant signaling molecule ____ is similar in structure to aspirin.

Accepted Answer

Salicylic acid is similar in structure to aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) and plays a role in plant defense mechanisms.

Question 9

In systemic acquired resistance, the regulatory protein NPR-1 moves from the cytoplasm to the cell nucleus, apparently in response to a buildup of ____ in the cytoplasm.

Accepted Answer

In systemic acquired resistance, the regulatory protein NPR-1 moves from the cytoplasm to the cell nucleus in response to a buildup of salicylic acid in the cytoplasm. Salicylic acid is a signaling molecule in plants that plays a key role in the establishment of systemic acquired resistance, helping to trigger the plant's defensive responses against pathogens.

Question 10

In the back and forth evolutionary struggle between plants and virulent bacteria, plants use ____ immunity to combat the bacteria.

Accepted Answer

Effector-triggered immunity is a plant defense mechanism activated in response to specific pathogen effectors, allowing plants to recognize and combat virulent bacteria effectively.

Question 11

The first peptide hormone discovered in plants was ____, which functions in wound response in the tomato.

Accepted Answer

Systemin was the first peptide hormone discovered in plants, specifically identified for its role in the wound response mechanism in tomatoes. It plays a crucial part in signaling for defense mechanisms when the plant is damaged.

Question 12

The plant hormone ____ trigger plant responses to environmental stresses such as cold snaps, high salinity, and drought.

Accepted Answer

Abscisic acid is known for its role in mediating plant responses to stress conditions such as drought, salinity, and cold, by triggering stomatal closure to reduce water loss and initiating other protective mechanisms.

Question 13

In some cases, when an insect begins feeding on a leaf the plant responds by activating a signaling pathway that results in the production of ____, which disrupt an insect's capacity to digest proteins.

Accepted Answer

Protease inhibitors are the compounds plants produce in response to insect feeding, which interfere with the insect's ability to digest proteins, thus protecting the plant from further damage.

Question 14

Bioactive specialized compounds are ____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Bioactive specialized compounds are ____.
...

Question 15

Researchers have used molecular analysis to determine that ____ evolved after flowering plants, but before eudicots and monocots emerged.

Accepted Answer

Ethylene is a plant hormone that evolved after flowering plants, but before eudicots and monocots emerged.

Question 16

When a plant has a hypersensitive response, production of ____ triggers effects such as the expression of PR proteins.

Accepted Answer

Salicylic acid is known to trigger the hypersensitive response in plants, leading to the expression of pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins as part of the plant's defense mechanism against pathogens.

Question 17

The main stimulus for phototropism is light of ____ wavelengths.

Accepted Answer

The main stimulus for phototropism, which is the growth or movement of a plant in response to light direction, is blue wavelengths of light. Blue light receptors in plants detect the light and cause differential growth, leading to bending towards the light source.

Question 18

Chitinases are examples of ____.

Accepted Answer

Chitinases are examples of Pathogenesis-Related (PR) proteins, which are involved in plant defense mechanisms against pathogens. They break down chitin, a major component of fungal cell walls, thereby inhibiting fungal growth.

Question 19

Molecular data has shown that ____ originated during the period when non-bryophytes diverged from the bryophytes.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Molecular data has shown that ____ originated...

Question 20

The second messenger inositol triphosphate (IP₃) appears to be involved in stomatal closure triggered by ____.

Accepted Answer

The second messenger inositol triphosphate is involved in stomatal closure triggered by abscisic acid (ABA). ABA is a plant hormone that plays a key role in the regulation of water balance by causing stomatal closure during drought stress conditions.

Quiz 37: Plant Signals and Responses to the Environment