Question 1

Explain Wolfgang et al's research on chronic offending. What are some implications of this research?

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Question 2

A popular political debate each year, especially around elections, is immigration in the United States. While many point to immigrants as a main cause of crime in the United States, what does research show about this phenomenon?

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Question 3

What is self-report data? Discuss the use and accuracy of self-report data.

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Question 4

A risk factor for future criminal offending is poor attendance in school.

Accepted Answer

Poor attendance in school is associated with a range of negative outcomes, including increased likelihood of future criminal offending, as it can indicate and contribute to disengagement from structured activities and lack of supervision, both of which are risk factors for delinquency.

Question 5

What impact and influence has the discovery of the chronic offender had on the field of criminology?

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Question 6

Discuss the gender differences in the crime rate, and how this has been explained.

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Question 7

Explain what is meant by early-onset offending, and discuss potential causes of chronicity.

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Question 8

What is the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS)? How is it different from the UCR?

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Question 9

U.S.-born adult men are incarcerated in state prisons at rates up to 3.3 times higher than are foreign-born men in the U.S.

Accepted Answer

U.S.-born adult men are indeed incarcerated at significantly higher rates than foreign-born men in the U.S., with studies and data showing that the incarceration rate for native-born men is substantially higher, up to 3.3 times or more, compared to their foreign-born counterparts. This discrepancy highlights differences in crime rates and involvement in the criminal justice system between these two groups.

Question 10

Describe how the UCR is compiled and the validity concerns associated with this method of measuring crime.

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Question 11

Explain what is meant by the aging-out process.

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Question 12

Discuss the relationship between crime and social class and the economy. Explain each of the views associated with this relationship.

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Question 13

Mandatory sentencing and three-strikes legislation are two ways in which states combat the problem of chronic offenders.

Accepted Answer

Mandatory sentencing and three-strikes legislation are both legal mechanisms designed to impose strict penalties on repeat offenders, thereby aiming to deter chronic criminal behavior. Mandatory sentencing removes discretion from judges in setting punishments for certain crimes, while three-strikes laws impose severe sentences on individuals convicted of a third felony, often resulting in life imprisonment.

Question 14

One area of examination regarding race is the dissolution of family and low employment rates of minorities, and their relationship to crime.

Accepted Answer

Studies in sociology and criminology have examined the correlation between the breakdown of family structures, lower employment rates among minorities, and their impacts on crime rates. These factors are often discussed in the context of systemic issues that contribute to higher incidences of crime within certain communities.

Question 15

A person who continually violates the law and shapes his or her life around the concept of criminality is referred to as a "passive-life criminal."

Accepted Answer

A person who continually violates the law and shapes his or her life around the concept of criminality is referred to as a "career criminal," not a "passive-life criminal."

Question 16

Kids who have been exposed to a variety of personal and social problems at an early age are most at risk to repeat offending later in life.

Accepted Answer

Early exposure to personal and social problems can increase the risk of developing behaviors that lead to repeat offending, as these experiences can impact emotional and social development, coping mechanisms, and decision-making skills.

Question 17

Describe how the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS)is compiled and the validity concerns associated with this method of measuring crime.

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Question 18

Wolfgang and colleagues found that chronic offenders consist of about 36 percent of the population, but account for 92 percent of the offending.

Accepted Answer

Wolfgang and colleagues found that chronic offenders consist of about 6 percent of the population, but account for 52 percent of the offending.

Question 19

Discuss what is meant by the phrase "the ecology of crime." Explain how crime rates are impacted by each ecology factor.

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Question 20

What is the relationship between race and crime? How is this relationship explained?

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Quiz 2: The Nature and Extent of Crime