Question 1

__________________ occurs when a deviant event comes to the attention of significant others or social-control agents who apply a negative label.

Accepted Answer

The answer of __________________ occurs when a deviant event comes...

Question 2

Hirschi and Stark found that the association between religious attendance and belief and delinquent behavior patterns is:

Accepted Answer

Hirschi and Stark's research concluded that the relationship between religious attendance and belief and delinquent behavior is insignificant, suggesting that religiosity does not have a strong impact on reducing delinquent acts among youths.

Question 3

_____________________ are designed to remove both juvenile and adult offenders from the normal channels of the criminal justice process by placing them in programs designed for rehabilitation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _____________________ are designed to remove both juvenile...

Question 4

_______ theory suggests that everyone has the potential to become a criminal.

Accepted Answer

Social control theory suggests that everyone has the potential to become a criminal, but it is the social bonds and controls that prevent them from doing so.

Question 5

Approximately _____ percent of youths with criminal fathers become chronic offenders.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Approximately _____ percent of youths with criminal...

Question 6

One study found that kids involved in delinquency are _____ times more likely than nonoffenders to associate with delinquent peers.

Accepted Answer

The study found that kids involved in delinquency are five times more likely than nonoffenders to associate with delinquent peers.

Question 7

Which of the following refers to the type of social structure that integrates children into families while giving parents the ability to assert their individuality and regulate their own behavior?

Accepted Answer

Parental efficacy refers to parents' belief in their ability to influence not only their children but also their environment in ways that will result in positive outcomes for their children. This concept encompasses the integration of children into the family unit while allowing parents to maintain their individuality and self-regulation.

Question 8

In a test of social bond theory, Hirschi found that youths who were strongly attached to their parents were ____ likely to commit criminal acts.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In a test of social bond theory,...

Question 9

__________________ involves norm violations or crimes that have very little influence on the actor and that can be quickly forgotten.

Accepted Answer

The answer of __________________ involves norm violations or crimes that...

Question 10

When parents, friends, teachers, and law enforcement officials amplify negative labels via stigmatization, a person may begin to reevaluate his or her identity. This process is referred to as the _________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When parents, friends, teachers, and law enforcement...

Question 11

Which of the following is the study of human interactions and relationships that emphasizes such issues as group dynamics and socialization?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is the study...

Question 12

Testing labeling theory, former U.S. representative ________________ served New York's ninth congressional district from January 1999 until June 2011, and was a rising political star, until his "sexting" forced his resignation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Testing labeling theory, former U.S. representative ________________...

Question 13

One way in which schools perpetuate stigmatization is through ________, which identifies some students as college-bound and others as academic underachievers or potential dropouts.

Accepted Answer

The track system in schools categorizes students based on perceived academic ability, often leading to a division between those considered college-bound and those seen as underachievers or potential dropouts, thereby perpetuating stigmatization.

Question 14

In every level of the social structure, youths who fall in with a "bad crowd" become more susceptible to:

Accepted Answer

Youths who fall in with a "bad crowd" become more susceptible to criminal behavior patterns because they are more likely to be exposed to and influenced by negative peer pressure.

Question 15

Theorists who believe that an individual's socialization determines the likelihood of criminality adopt the ______ approach to human behavior.

Accepted Answer

The social process approach emphasizes that criminal behavior is learned through interaction with others and that socialization plays a key role in determining the likelihood of criminality.

Question 16

The four elements of Hirschi's social bond theory are attachment, commitment, ______, and belief.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The four elements of Hirschi's social bond...

Question 17

Social learning theory suggests that crime is a(n) ______ behavior

Accepted Answer

Social learning theory posits that crime is a learned behavior, suggesting that individuals learn to engage in criminal activity through their interactions with others, especially when they observe and imitate the behaviors of those within their social circles who commit crimes.

Question 18

The process of human development and enculturation is known as:

Accepted Answer

Socialization is the process through which individuals learn and adopt the norms, values, behaviors, and social skills appropriate to their society or social group.

Question 19

Maintaining a damaged identity after official labeling may, along with other negative social reactions from society, produce a _____, which provokes some adolescents into repeating their antisocial behaviors.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Maintaining a damaged identity after official labeling...

Question 20

Criminologists have long studied the critical elements of socialization to determine how they contribute to a burgeoning criminal career. Prominent among these elements are the family, the peer group, and ______________.

Accepted Answer

Educational experience is a critical element of socialization that criminologists study to understand its impact on criminal behavior, alongside family and peer group influences.

Quiz 7: Social Process Theories: Socialization and Society