Question 1

Although Kwan Li loves his family and friends, he believes that his own beliefs and dreams are the most important things determining his future. He is willing to compete with others to realize his potential. Kwan Li has most likely been socialized in a(n)__________ culture.

Accepted Answer

The statement suggests that Kwan Li prioritizes his own beliefs and dreams above those of his family and friends and is willing to compete with others. These values are more closely associated with individualistic cultures, which emphasize personal achievement and independence, rather than collectivist cultures, which prioritize harmony and cooperation within the group.

Question 2

Ben believes very strongly in being competitive and doing what is necessary for his own goals. He sees himself as being an important business leader one day. Ben is most likely a(n)

Accepted Answer

Ben's belief in being competitive and achieving his own goals above all else aligns with the individualist mindset, which prioritizes personal success and achievement over group or collective goals.

Question 3

Your friend Isha never complains about being lonely but often expresses her worries about being rejected by the group of people she associates with. Her attitudes are typical of someone raised in a(n)__________ country.

Accepted Answer

In collectivist countries, individuals often prioritize group harmony and acceptance, leading to concerns about rejection by the group.

Question 4

An industrial and organizational psychologist doing cross-cultural work finds that in the country of Alam the workers have the highest job satisfaction when they are rewarded for accomplishing more and better-quality work than their co-workers. Alam probably has a(n)__________ culture.

Accepted Answer

In an individualist culture, personal achievements and competition are valued, leading to higher job satisfaction when individuals are rewarded for outperforming others.

Question 5

For which of the following research questions would it be least important to consider sociocultural variables?

Accepted Answer

Sociocultural variables are less important for understanding instinctive behaviors, as these are more likely to be universal and less influenced by cultural or social contexts.

Question 6

LaTasha works for a multinational corporation. She must report to executives from a collectivist culture about the status of a project conducted by her group. To communicate in the most appropriate way to these executives, she should say:

Accepted Answer

In collectivist cultures, the emphasis is on group harmony and success rather than individual achievements. Therefore, highlighting the group's performance is more appropriate.

Question 7

At MacCutcheon University, Dr. West is studying how factors such as gender, ethnicity, and social class affect the attitudes of domestic students toward international students. This research is focusing on __________ variables.

Accepted Answer

The research is focusing on sociocultural variables, as it examines how social factors like gender, ethnicity, and social class influence attitudes.

Question 8

If you were reviewing evidence for an insurance investigation, you would not blindly accept someone's claims. You would look for well-supported evidence. The textbook refers to this process as

Accepted Answer

Critical thinking involves analyzing and evaluating evidence and arguments rather than accepting claims at face value.

Question 9

On the first day of Introductory Philosophy class, Nora asks her students to provide a definition of the term critical thinking. Having aced Introductory Psychology last semester, Cassie knows that critical thinking is

Accepted Answer

Option B provides the most accurate definition of critical thinking, which involves evaluating claims and making judgments based on well-supported evidence, rather than relying solely on personal opinion or heuristics. Options A, C, and D do not fully capture the essence of critical thinking.

Question 10

An advertising campaign aimed at getting consumers to buy a product because it will make them different from others would probably be most successful in __________ cultures.

Accepted Answer

Individualist cultures emphasize personal achievement and uniqueness, making them more receptive to advertising that highlights how a product can differentiate them from others.

Question 11

Rod believes that some college students are independent go-getters and that other college students are more dependent on family approval than on personal achievement. The former group seems to hold __________ values whereas the latter group holds __________ values.

Accepted Answer

The independent go-getters are likely to hold individualist values as they prioritize personal achievement and success, while the more dependent students are likely to hold collectivist values as they prioritize family approval and social harmony.

Question 12

Which of the following would be spoken by a member of a collectivist culture?

Accepted Answer

In collectivist cultures, individuals prioritize the goals and well-being of the group, such as family, over personal achievements.

Question 13

The text gives a lengthy discussion of a form of treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder called EMDR. If you were suffering from this problem and were exploring the possibility of using EMDR as part of your own treatment, which of the following questions would indicate that you were engaging in critical thinking?

Accepted Answer

Asking if there is research evidence to support the usefulness of EMDR demonstrates critical thinking because it involves evaluating the treatment's effectiveness based on scientific evidence rather than personal beliefs or anecdotal experiences.

Question 14

Which of the following is not a sociocultural factor in human behavior?

Accepted Answer

Smile recognition is more related to cognitive and perceptual processes rather than sociocultural factors.

Question 15

Kari wants to win and gets upset when she loses in sports. She also tries not to wear the same types of clothes that other people wear. Despite her attempts to be unique, she often feels lonely. Kari is most likely from a(n)__________ culture.

Accepted Answer

Kari's focus on winning and being unique are traits commonly associated with individualistic cultures, where personal achievement and standing out are prioritized over group harmony and conformity. Her feelings of loneliness also suggest that she may struggle with the emphasis on independence and self-reliance in individualistic cultures.

Question 16

Which of the following beliefs would a collectivist society support?

Accepted Answer

Collectivist societies emphasize the importance of the group over the individual, so they support the idea of restraining oneself to be part of a social unit.

Question 17

Which of the following is not one of the five questions that provide a strategy for critical thinking?

Accepted Answer

The reputation of the researcher(s) is not typically one of the core questions for critical thinking strategy, which focuses more on evaluating evidence and interpretations.

Question 18

A person from a collectivist culture just found out that the group project he contributed to in his psychology class earned a final grade of A. What behavior will that person most likely perform after the win?

Accepted Answer

In collectivist cultures, individuals tend to emphasize group harmony and success over individual achievements. Therefore, the person is more likely to highlight the contributions of the entire team rather than focusing on personal accomplishments.

Question 19

When Nelson failed his driver's test, he blamed the woman who administered the test for being unfair in how she rated his ability to parallel park. When he passed on his next attempt, however, he made sure to tell everyone want an excellent driver he is. Jack is likely from a(n)__________ culture.

Accepted Answer

Jack's behavior of attributing his success to his own abilities and blaming external factors for his failure is characteristic of an individualist culture, where personal achievements and self-reliance are emphasized.

Question 20

Randy is a great football player who would rather be named the most valuable player of the league than have his team win a particular football game. Randy is likely from a(n)__________ culture.

Accepted Answer

Randy's preference for personal recognition over team success suggests he values individual achievement, which is characteristic of an individualist culture.

Quiz 1: Introduction to the Science of Psychology

Although Kwan Li loves his family and friends, he believes that his own beliefs and dreams are the most important things determining his future. He is willing to compete with others to realize his potential. Kwan Li has most likely been socialized in a(n) __________ culture.

Ben believes very strongly in being competitive and doing what is necessary for his own goals. He sees himself as being an important business leader one day. Ben is most likely a(n)

Your friend Isha never complains about being lonely but often expresses her worries about being rejected by the group of people she associates with. Her attitudes are typical of someone raised in a(n) __________ country.

An industrial and organizational psychologist doing cross-cultural work finds that in the country of Alam the workers have the highest job satisfaction when they are rewarded for accomplishing more and better-quality work than their co-workers. Alam probably has a(n) __________ culture.