When rat mothers lick their offspring more, that increased care can turn on gene pathways that produce more neurotransmitters involved in reducing anxiety.This is an example of a(n):

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This is an example of an epigenetic effect, where environmental factors (in this case, increased licking from the mother) can turn on or off certain genes and their expression, leading to changes in behavior and physiology.

When Rat Mothers Lick Their Offspring More, That Increased Care