Question 1

In line with mercantilist theory,

Accepted Answer

Mercantilist theory emphasized the accumulation of wealth and power through a favorable balance of trade, meaning that a country should export more than it imports. American colonies were seen as sources of raw materials to manufacture goods in Europe, and as markets to sell those goods.

Question 2

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Accepted Answer

The answer of Jean-Jacques Rousseau
...

Question 3

The person viewed as one of the founders of modern economics and known for the doctrine of laissez-faire was

Accepted Answer

Adam Smith is widely regarded as one of the founders of modern economics and is known for his theory of laissez-faire, which advocates for minimal government intervention in the economy. None of the other options have any significant association with the doctrine of laissez-faire.

Question 4

Britain decided to end its war against the Americans after a combined American and French force defeated General Cornwallis at

Accepted Answer

The British surrendered at Yorktown in 1781, after a combined American and French force under the command of General Washington and General Rochambeau laid siege to General Cornwallis's British army. This victory was a turning point in the Revolutionary War and ultimately led to Britain's decision to end the war.

Question 5

Which of the following descriptions best depicts the Rococo style?

Accepted Answer

The Rococo style was characterized by a fondness for curves and emphasized grace, charm, and gentle action. This style emphasized ornamentation, pastel colors, and lighthearted themes.

Question 6

The formal event which led to the break between the American colonies and England was the

Accepted Answer

The signing of the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776, marked the formal event that led to the break between the American colonies and England. It declared the colonies' independence and their intent to form a new nation, the United States of America.

Question 7

The Austrian ruler whose reform program abolished serfdom, eliminated internal trade barriers, and instituted a new penal code, among other things, was

Accepted Answer

Joseph II was the Austrian ruler who implemented a wide range of reforms during his reign, including the abolition of serfdom, the elimination of internal trade barriers, the establishment of a new penal code, and other measures aimed at modernizing and centralizing the state. While his reforms were controversial and met with resistance from various groups, they represented a major step forward for Austria and helped to lay the groundwork for further modernization in the years to come.

Question 8

Which of the following was NOT a direct result of the Seven Years' War?

Accepted Answer

The Dutch did not permanently withdraw from the New World as a result of the Seven Years' War. While the war did lead to territorial changes for France, Spain, and Great Britain, it did not directly affect the Dutch presence in the Americas.

Question 9

Which of the following statements is an accurate depiction of the nature of the British Parliament in the latter half of the eighteenth century?

Accepted Answer

In the latter half of the eighteenth century, the British Parliament shared power with the king and gradually gained the upper hand. This was reflected in the debates and legislative actions of the time, such as the efforts to expand the franchise and limit the power of the monarchy through measures like the Royal Marriages Act. While there were certainly civil libertarians and advocates of individual rights within the parliamentary ranks, they were not the dominant force at this time. Women were not allowed to become Members of Parliament until much later, and the statement that Parliament failed to meet between 1753 and 1792 is simply false.

Question 10

Enlightened absolutism

Accepted Answer

Enlightened absolutism focused on strengthening the power of the state and the monarch, rather than promoting individual freedoms or democracy. It was a practical approach to governance, using enlightened philosophies to justify reforms that would benefit the state and its rulers. It was not limited by the desires of the middle classes, as those in power sought to maintain their authority over all social classes. While examples of enlightened absolutism can be found in various European monarchies, it was not applied consistently or universally.

Question 11

The Estates-General was convened in 1789 in order to deal with the

Accepted Answer

The Estates-General was convened in 1789 primarily to deal with the near bankruptcy of the French treasury. The French government was facing financial crisis, primarily due to the extravagant spending of Louis XVI and participation in wars such as the American Revolution. The Estates-General was expected to find solutions to address this financial crisis.

Question 12

The eighteenth-century ruler who called himself/herself "the first servant of the state" was

Accepted Answer

Frederick II of Prussia, also known as Frederick the Great, referred to himself as "the first servant of the state," emphasizing his role in serving the interests of his country above all. This approach reflected his enlightened absolutism, where he sought to modernize Prussia and promote the welfare of his subjects within the framework of absolute monarchy.

Question 13

Enlightenment advocates of laissez faire economics  championed the idea that

Accepted Answer

Enlightenment advocates of laissez faire economics believed that individuals should be free to pursue their own economic self-interest without government intervention or regulation. This idea was promoted by thinkers such as Adam Smith, who argued that a free market system would naturally regulate itself and lead to economic prosperity.

Question 14

All of the following were true about European population and food supplies except

Accepted Answer

The statement "as the eighteenth century progressed, European population declined" is false. In fact, European population increased during the eighteenth century.

Question 15

Which of the following was not an element in eighteenth-century global trade?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following was not an...

Question 16

The most important product of European industry in the eighteenth century was

Accepted Answer

Textiles were the most important product of European industry in the eighteenth century. Textile production played a significant role in the growth of the European economy during this time period. Textile factories were established in many European cities and the demand for European textiles increased both within and outside of Europe.

Question 17

The Russian monarch whose policies favored the landed nobility, at the expense of the serfs, was

Accepted Answer

Catherine the Great's policies favored the landed nobility, as she believed it was important to maintain their support in order to maintain her own power. She enacted laws that gave them more control over their serfs and lessened the obligations they had to them. This led to a worsening of conditions for the serfs and contributed to the eventual downfall of the Russian monarchy.

Question 18

The system that came to be known as the "cottage industry" involved all except

Accepted Answer

The statement "peasants grew cotton on their farms and sold the raw material to entrepreneurs" is not a part of the cottage industry system. The system involved entrepreneurs purchasing raw materials, laborers producing yarn and cloth, and entrepreneurs selling finished products.

Question 19

In eighteenth-century Europe,

Accepted Answer

Historians estimate that nobles constituted between two to three percent of the total population in eighteenth century Europe.

Question 20

Which of these leaders asserted, "I have made Philosophy the lawmaker of my empire"?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of these leaders asserted, "I have...

Quiz 18: The West on the Eve of a New World Order