Question 1

The tendency to sabotage one's performance to provide an excuse for possible failure is called

Accepted Answer

Self-handicapping refers to the tendency to create obstacles or excuses for oneself in order to protect one's self-esteem and provide a possible explanation for failure. This can include actions such as procrastination, excessive alcohol consumption, or deliberately not preparing adequately for a task. The other options are not relevant to this concept.

Question 2

Someone who says, "I probably won't do well on the exam because I was up all night with a sick friend," is using the strategy of

Accepted Answer

The individual is using self-handicapping as a strategy by creating an excuse in advance for a potential poor performance on the exam. By blaming it on the all-nighter with a sick friend, they are protecting their self-esteem and potential embarrassment in case they do not do well on the exam.

Question 3

Even though she does not even like the particular genre of music, Jane told all of her friends that the winner of American Idol was from her hometown. Jane was using the method of self-enhancement known as_____ .

Accepted Answer

Basking in reflected glory is the process of associating oneself with successful others. In this case, Jane is associating herself with the winner of American Idol simply because they are from the same hometown, even though she doesn't like the music. This boosts Jane's self-esteem and is an example of basking in reflected glory.

Question 4

Professors can foster self-efficacy in their students if they set low standards for achievement so that most students can earn A's and B's in their courses.

Accepted Answer

Setting low standards for achievement can actually have a detrimental effect on students' self-efficacy by not challenging them to reach their full potential. It is important for professors to set realistic but challenging expectations for their students in order to foster self-efficacy.

Question 5

can lead to success by working to avoid worst-case scenarios.

Accepted Answer

Defensive pessimism involves imagining and planning for worst-case scenarios, which can lead to better performance and outcomes due to increased preparation and motivation.

Question 6

The habitual use of misguided or ineffective strategies for achieving desirable outcomes is called

Accepted Answer

The term counterproductive refers to actions or behavior that do not serve the intended purpose or even have the opposite effect of what was intended. The other options (deliberate self-destruction, trade-off, and ingratiation) do not specifically refer to the habitual use of ineffective strategies for achieving desirable outcomes.

Question 7

Self-efficacy is positively correlated with academic performance.

Accepted Answer

Numerous studies have shown that there is a positive correlation between self-efficacy and academic performance. When students have a strong belief in their abilities to succeed, they are more likely to set challenging goals, persist in the face of obstacles, and utilize effective learning strategies. This ultimately leads to greater academic achievement.

Question 8

Your ability to self-regulate is related to your physical health.

Accepted Answer

Self-regulation involves the ability to control and manage one's emotions, thoughts, and behaviors. Research has shown that poor self-regulation is associated with a variety of physical health problems, such as obesity, high blood pressure, and poor sleep quality. On the other hand, individuals who have strong self-regulatory abilities tend to have better overall health outcomes.

Question 9

Suppose your school football team is playing its rival on Saturday afternoon. It turns out your team gets trounced by the rival 56 to 7. What would you predict on campus come Monday morning, based on the classic research of Cialdini (1976)?

Accepted Answer

According to Cialdini's research, people tend to "CORF" (cut off reflected failure) by distancing themselves from a losing team. Therefore, it is likely that few people will be wearing your school's football jerseys on Monday after a big loss.

Question 10

Procrastination is considered a self-defeating behavior.

Accepted Answer

Procrastination is a behavior where a person delays or puts off tasks, which can have negative consequences on their productivity, time management, and overall well-being. Therefore, it is considered a self-defeating behavior.

Question 11

Acknowledging when you have made a minor error can trigger a positive impression in people.

Accepted Answer

Acknowledging a minor error can show humility and honesty, and can enhance trust and rapport with others. It demonstrates that you are willing to take ownership of your mistakes and work towards resolving them, which can be seen as a positive attribute.

Question 12

Self-efficacy is MOST associated with

Accepted Answer

Self-efficacy is the belief in one's ability to successfully perform a task or accomplish a goal. It is closely tied to one's beliefs about what they can do, rather than solely based on their skill level, intelligence, or external encouragement.

Question 13

If you use self-control resources by resisting temptation in a given situation,

Accepted Answer

The concept of "ego depletion" suggests that self-control or willpower draws upon a limited pool of mental resources that can be used up. When you use a lot of self-control to resist a temptation, you deplete this resource, making it harder to resist the next temptation.

Question 14

Miles was trying to decide whether to go to the cafeteria to eat, or take a nap between classes. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

Miles is trying to regulate his behavior by deciding between two options, going to the cafeteria to eat or taking a nap. Self-handicapping and self-efficacy are not relevant concepts in this scenario, and "self-dilemma" is not a recognized psychological term. Therefore, self-regulation is the most appropriate concept for this scenario. As for the best choice, it depends on Miles' needs and priorities; both eating and taking a nap could be helpful in different ways. If he is feeling tired and low on energy, a nap might be more beneficial for him, while if he is hungry and needs to refuel for his next class, going to the cafeteria to eat is the better option.

Question 15

Self-defeating behaviors include all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

Self-efficacy failure is not considered a self-defeating behavior. Self-defeating behaviors are actions or attitudes that prevent an individual from achieving their goals, such as counterproductive strategies or deliberate self-destruction. Self-efficacy refers to an individual's belief in their ability to succeed in specific situations or accomplish a task, which is a positive psychological attribute, not a behavior.

Question 16

Research by Baumeister and colleagues (2006) suggests that self-regulation can be learned.

Accepted Answer

Baumeister and colleagues conducted research that suggested that self-regulation can be learned.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a source of self-efficacy?

Accepted Answer

Comparison to others can actually decrease self-efficacy, as one may feel inferior or inadequate compared to others. The other options are sources of self-efficacy, as they can increase one's belief in their ability to succeed in a particular task or situation. Mastering new skills shows that one has the ability to learn and grow, vicarious experiences allow one to see others succeed and believe they can do the same, and encouragement from others can provide the support and motivation needed to believe in oneself.

Question 18

Self-regulation refers to

Accepted Answer

Self-regulation refers to the ability to direct and control one's behavior, which includes managing one's emotions, thoughts, and impulses in order to achieve a desired outcome. This can involve delaying gratification, setting and working towards goals, and adapting to changing situations. Maintaining a positive self-esteem and using internal attributions are related concepts, but do not fully capture the meaning of self-regulation. Time-saving devices may promote self-efficiency, but do not necessarily involve self-regulation.

Question 19

Self-efficacy is related to your beliefs about your general self-worth.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Self-efficacy is related to your beliefs about...

Question 20

The tendency to attribute our success to our own efforts and failures to the situation is called self-serving bias.

Accepted Answer

Self-serving bias is the tendency to attribute our success to our own efforts or characteristics (internal factors) and failures to external factors, such as the situation or other people.

Quiz 6: The Self