Question 1

The fact that a specific aspect of intelligence can be modified at any time during the life span exemplifies the concept of

Accepted Answer

The concept of intelligence being modifiable at any time during the lifespan is an example of plasticity, which refers to the brain's ability to change and adapt throughout a person's life. The other choices are not directly related to this concept.

Question 2

Schaie's influential study on intellectual change over time utilizes the ____ research design he invented.

Accepted Answer

Schaie's influential study on intellectual change over time utilizes the sequential research design, a method he invented that combines both cross-sectional and longitudinal designs to analyze changes in intelligence across different cohorts over time. This approach allows for a more comprehensive understanding of how intelligence changes across the lifespan by addressing the limitations of both the cross-sectional and longitudinal designs when used independently.

Question 3

Brady has never seen an American football game. After watching about 20 plays, however, he is able to accurately describe the general premise of the game. This ability suggests that Brady is skilled at

Accepted Answer

Inductive reasoning involves making generalizations based on specific observations. In this scenario, Brady is able to make a general inference about the objective of the game after observing specific plays. This suggests his ability to use inductive reasoning.

Question 4

Socioeconomic status and ____ are the two most important social influences on health.

Accepted Answer

Education is a key determinant of health as it influences health behaviors, access to resources, and overall socioeconomic status.

Question 5

Mr. Brady's talents as an architect are mostly due to his ability to visualize buildings in three-dimensions are they are being designed. This suggests that Mr. Brady has outstanding ____ abilities.

Accepted Answer

Spatial orientation refers to one's ability to visualize objects in three-dimensional space and mentally rotate them. This skill is crucial for architects and designers who need to create and manipulate complex designs in their minds before putting them down on paper. Inductive reasoning, word fluency, and number abilities are not directly related to spatial visualization and are therefore not the best choices in this case.

Question 6

After taking several college courses, Chuck's short-term memory ability increased. This exemplifies the concept of

Accepted Answer

Plasticity refers to the brain's ability to change and adapt in response to experiences and learning. Chuck's increased short-term memory ability after taking several college courses demonstrates the concept of plasticity, as his brain adapted to new learning and improved in a specific area.

Question 7

Based solely on their BMI, how many of the following people are at risk for health-related diseases: Dick, BMI = 20; Flick, BMI = 40; Hick, BMI = 60; Nick, BMI = 80?

Accepted Answer

Flick, Hick, and Nick have BMIs of 40, 60, and 80, respectively, which are considered obese and are at risk for health-related diseases. Dick, with a BMI of 20, is in the normal range.

Question 8

Dr. Merchant points to a picture of elephants and asks you to describe what you see in the picture. Dr. Merchant is probably assessing ​

Accepted Answer

Word fluency is the ability to produce words quickly and easily. Dr. Merchant is probably assessing word fluency by asking you to describe what you see in the picture of elephants.

Question 9

Evidence for interindividual variability in intelligence is best demonstrated when

Accepted Answer

Interindividual variability in intelligence refers to differences in cognitive abilities between different individuals. Option D illustrates this by showing how reasoning skills can improve with age in one person while declining in another, highlighting variability between individuals.

Question 10

Which is not a "primary mental ability?"

Accepted Answer

Fluid intelligence is not considered one of the primary mental abilities, which are commonly believed to include verbal comprehension, numerical ability, spatial relations, perceptual speed, word fluency, and inductive reasoning.

Question 11

Kali has a theory of intelligence that views it as being a combination of several factors such as fine motor skills, cognitive ability, and emotional control. Kali's theory is

Accepted Answer

Kali's theory of intelligence is multidimensional, as it identifies multiple factors that contribute to intelligence (fine motor skills, cognitive ability, and emotional control). Multidirectional refers to changes that occur in multiple directions over time, conventional refers to cultural norms, and a life-span construct refers to theories that emphasize changes and development over the entire lifespan.

Question 12

In the United States, the poorest health conditions are found in those living in

Accepted Answer

Inner-city neighborhoods often have limited access to healthcare, healthy food options, and safe environments for physical activity. These factors can contribute to higher rates of chronic diseases and overall poorer health outcomes for residents.

Question 13

The fact that Molly's spatial performance has declined while her verbal abilities have improved is support for the notion that intelligence is

Accepted Answer

Multidirectional intelligence suggests that some aspects of intelligence can improve while others decline over time, as seen in Molly's case with her spatial performance declining and verbal abilities improving.

Question 14

Who is likely to be the least healthy?

Accepted Answer

Thales, who lives in poverty, is likely to have less access to healthcare and nutritious food, leading to poorer health outcomes.

Question 15

Intellectual multidirectionality is based on the premise that

Accepted Answer

Intellectual multidirectionality suggests that within an individual, some cognitive abilities can improve with age (e.g., vocabulary and knowledge), while others may decline (e.g., processing speed, working memory). This concept acknowledges the complexity and variability in cognitive aging processes.

Question 16

Who has the lowest risk of dying from a chronic disease?

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that higher levels of education are linked to lower risk of chronic diseases and mortality. Therefore, Fester, who is a college graduate, has the lowest risk of dying from a chronic disease.

Question 17

Lai and Mei are sisters. As they have gotten older, Lai's cognitive skills have improved while Mei's have declined. This is evidence for the ____ of abilities.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Lai and Mei are sisters. As they...

Question 18

Dr. Ique has organized her lecture on intellectual ability around different skills that she has placed into meaningful groups. What would be the best title for Dr. Ique's lecture?

Accepted Answer

The title "You and Your Primary Mental Abilities" suggests that Dr. Ique's lecture is focused on discussing the different skills related to intellectual ability and how they relate to the individual's mental abilities. The other options (A, C, and D) do not seem to accurately capture the topic of the lecture.

Question 19

The biggest point of contention among theories who view intelligence as multidimensional concerns the debate over

Accepted Answer

The debate over the number of abilities that underlie intelligence is the biggest point of contention among theories who view intelligence as multidimensional. Some theories propose that intelligence is comprised of multiple abilities, while others argue that it can be measured by a single aspect of intellect. The degree to which race determines intelligence is widely discredited among scholars, and there is general agreement that an individual's level of intelligence can be measured.

Question 20

A baseball coach tells a pitcher, "With a little training, I think that you could learn to throw a knuckleball." This provides a good example of a belief in the ____ of an ability.

Accepted Answer

The coach's statement implies a belief in the plasticity of the pitcher's ability to learn and improve, suggesting that training could enable him to develop a new skill (throwing a knuckleball) that he may not currently possess.

Quiz 10: Becoming an Adult: Physical, Cognitive, and Personality Development in Young Adulthood