Question 1

Which is not a prerequisite for exceptional talent in childhood?

Accepted Answer

While having talented parents may provide some advantages, it is not a prerequisite for exceptional talent in childhood. Many talented individuals come from non-talented parents, and many individuals with talented parents do not possess exceptional talent themselves. Support from parents, a love for the subject, and early instruction are all commonly observed factors in individuals with exceptional talent in childhood.

Question 2

The fact that children with higher IQ scores tend to come from homes that contained age-related play materials best supports the theory that

Accepted Answer

The fact that children with higher IQ scores come from homes that contained age-related play materials indicates that the environment in which a child grows up impacts their intelligence. This suggests that environmental factors play a role in shaping a child's intellectual abilities, supporting the theory that environmental factors impact intelligence.

Question 3

Which data suggest the strongest link between heredity and intelligence?

Accepted Answer

Identical twins share 100% of their genes, while fraternal twins share only 50%. This makes the correlation coefficient of IQ scores between identical twins the strongest evidence for a genetic link to intelligence. The other options (B, C, and D) all involve siblings who may have different genetic backgrounds, making their correlation coefficients less meaningful for assessing the role of heredity.

Question 4

Exceptional talent is the product of

Accepted Answer

Exceptional talent is often the result of a combination of innate abilities and environmental factors such as education, training, and experience. While genetics may provide a foundation for certain talents, it is often the application of these talents through education and practice that allows them to truly excel. Therefore, it is important to recognize the role of both nature and nurture in the development of exceptional talent.

Question 5

The basic premise of a hereditary view concerning the nature of intelligence is that

Accepted Answer

The hereditary view posits that intelligence is largely determined by genetics, which means that individuals who are more closely related genetically (such as siblings or parent-child pairs) will have more similar IQ scores. Therefore, choice A is the best answer. Choice B is incorrect because research actually shows that the correlation between biological siblings' IQ scores is typically around 0.5, which indicates a moderate positive correlation. Choice C is partially correct in that parents' IQ scores are predictive of their children's IQ scores, but it is not entirely unimportant. Finally, choice D is incorrect because while experience does play a role in determining IQ scores to some extent, according to the hereditary view, genetics is the primary determinant.

Question 6

By traditional definition, how many of the following eight-year-old children would be considered "gifted": Darcy, IQ = 100; Peggy, IQ = 120; Kelly, IQ = 140; Al, IQ = 160?

Accepted Answer

The answer of By traditional definition, how many of the...

Question 7

A culture-fair intelligence test

Accepted Answer

A culture-fair intelligence test is designed to minimize biases that arise from different cultural experiences, aiming to provide a more equitable assessment across diverse groups.

Question 8

Morris, a 17-year-old African American, is taking an intelligence test during his senior year of high school. Which of his current thoughts would indicate that he is experiencing stereotype threat?

Accepted Answer

Choice D indicates that Morris is experiencing stereotype threat because he is worried about confirming negative stereotypes about African American intelligence. He is nervous and this could impact his performance. choice A is not related to stereotype threat. choice B indicates pressure from his family, but not necessarily related to stereotypes. Choice C is related to performance pressures but not necessarily stereotypes.

Question 9

To be considered gifted usually requires an intelligence test score of at least ____.

Accepted Answer

A score of 130 or above on an intelligence test is generally considered to be in the gifted range.

Question 10

The term "stereotype threat" is best associated with the concept of

Accepted Answer

Stereotype threat refers to the phenomenon in which individuals are at risk of conforming to negative stereotypes about a group to which they belong. This can lead to underperformance and internalizing negative beliefs about oneself. The concept is closely related to the self-fulfilling prophecy, which suggests that our beliefs about ourselves and others can influence our behaviors and outcomes.

Question 11

Dee used to think that everyone else liked the same people she did and hated the same people she did. She now realizes that different people have different opinions toward others. Piaget would suggest that Dee has recently become a ____ thinker.

Accepted Answer

Piaget's theory of cognitive development suggests that the concrete operational stage occurs between ages 7 and 11. During this stage, children become more logical and less egocentric in their thinking, which allows them to understand that others may have different opinions from their own. Therefore, Dee's realization that people have different opinions about others indicates that she has recently become a concrete operational thinker.

Question 12

In recent years, the definition of "gifted" has

Accepted Answer

The definition of "gifted" has broadened to include areas like dance and music, in addition to traditional academic subjects. This acknowledges that individuals can excel in various areas beyond just intellectual ability. Therefore, option A, C, and D are incorrect.

Question 13

Self-discipline is a

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that self-discipline is a better predictor of school success than IQ test scores. Self-disciplined students are more likely to have better grades, complete assignments on time, and engage in academic activities that promote learning. While IQ may have some impact on academic achievement, self-discipline is often a stronger predictor of success.

Question 14

Which statement concerning ethnicity and intelligence is most accurate?

Accepted Answer

There is no conclusive evidence of a "smart gene" and it is widely accepted that intelligence is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. It is also not accurate to say that being economically disadvantaged is related to ethnicity but not to intelligence. However, research suggests that differences in intelligence between ethnic groups could be influenced by environmental factors such as access to education and socio-economic status. Therefore, option B is the most accurate statement.

Question 15

Dr. Jourdan is devising an intelligence test containing items that relate to experiences common to all people around the world. Dr. Jourdan is most likely attempting to develop a(n)

Accepted Answer

Dr. Jourdan is attempting to develop a culture-fair intelligence test. Such a test aims to minimize the influence of cultural factors on test performance and provide a measure of innate intelligence.

Question 16

Alicia is a "gifted" child. Compared to her peers, Alicia most likely

Accepted Answer

Gifted children typically have fewer emotional problems and higher levels of emotional intelligence. The other options are not necessarily associated with being gifted.

Question 17

Data from Project Head Start

Accepted Answer

Project Head Start provided evidence that environmental factors, such as access to education and resources, can have an impact on a child's IQ. This supports the belief that IQ is not solely determined by genetics.

Question 18

In the United States, ____ Americans tend to score highest on intelligence tests.

Accepted Answer

Across various studies, Asians have consistently scored highest on intelligence tests in the United States.

Question 19

Which evidence best demonstrates an environmental impact on intelligence?

Accepted Answer

The rapid increase in average WISC scores during the past 25 years suggests that there has been a positive environmental impact on intelligence. This is because WISC scores are standardized IQ tests used to measure intelligence, and the increase in scores indicates that the environment has been promoting cognitive development. A and B are not relevant to environmental impact on intelligence, and D only shows stability in scores, not a change due to environmental impact.

Question 20

IQ scores are

Accepted Answer

IQ scores have been shown to be good predictors of both school success and occupational success, correlating with academic performance and job performance across a variety of settings.

Quiz 6: Off to School: Cognitive and Physical Development in Middle Childhood