Question 1

Which explanation best explains the reason for changes in prejudice during adolescence?

Accepted Answer

Adolescents tend to develop a more positive view of their own group and a more negative view of other groups during adolescence.

Question 2

During adolescence, as preference for your own group intensifies, the likelihood of prejudice

Accepted Answer

During adolescence, the preference for one's own group intensifies, and this can lead to an increased likelihood of prejudice towards those who are perceived as different or as belonging to a different group. This is due to the social and psychological processes of identity formation and the need to belong to a group, which can lead to negative attitudes and feelings towards those who are seen as outsiders.

Question 3

Direct instruction involves telling a child when, what, and why he should do something. ​

Accepted Answer

Direct instruction is a teaching method in which the teacher tells the students what they need to know, when they need to know it, and why they need to know it. This type of instruction is highly structured and teacher-led.

Question 4

Helen is upset because she thinks that her teacher views her argument with Mary as being silly. According to Selman, Helen is most likely in the ____ stage of perspective-taking.

Accepted Answer

Helen is most likely in the third-person stage of perspective-taking because she is able to take the perspective of another person, but she is not yet able to take the perspective of multiple people simultaneously.

Question 5

A child's temperament can impact the type of parenting style exhibited by the parent.

Accepted Answer

A child’s temperament, such as being easy-going or difficult, can impact how a parent responds and adjusts their parenting style. For example, a difficult child may require a more consistent and structured parenting approach, while an easy-going child may respond better to a more relaxed parenting style.

Question 6

Mary and Orlaith are high school students. Orlaith gets mostly "A" grades, and Mary gets mostly "B"s. Which of these aspects of their pasts is most likely? ​

Accepted Answer

Orlaith's higher grades suggest that she may have watched more educational programs like Sesame Street, which is known for its positive impact on children's cognitive development.

Question 7

When Sami is asked about what other people think of her, she has a very difficult time answering, because she can't seem to take her friend's perspective when looking at herself. What would Piaget call Sami's difficulty?

Accepted Answer

Piaget would call Sami's difficulty egocentrism. Egocentrism is the tendency to only see things from one's own point of view and to have difficulty understanding other people's perspectives. Sami is unable to take her friend's perspective when thinking about what they think of her, which is a hallmark of egocentrism.

Question 8

The use of ____ in descriptions of people tends to increase as we age. ​

Accepted Answer

The answer of The use of ____ in descriptions of...

Question 9

Researchers have found that watching ____ increased the likelihood of a child behaving in a prosocial manner. ​

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that watching Mister Rogers' Neighborhood, which has messages about empathy, kindness, and cooperation, can increase a child's prosocial behavior. The other options do not have the same focus on teaching positive, prosocial behavior.

Question 10

Once Jim finds out that Henri is from France, he immediately dislikes him because he thinks French people are not trustworthy. What term best describes Jim's view of Henri?

Accepted Answer

Jim's negative opinion of Henri is based on his prejudice against French people, which means he is making a negative judgment about Henri based solely on his nationality.

Question 11

Amy describes her friend Duffy by saying, "She's fun to be around because she's funny and has good ideas, but she's often insensitive to how others feel." Amy is most likely about ____ years old. ​

Accepted Answer

The statement involves social awareness and the ability to observe and articulate social nuances, suggesting a level of maturity consistent with adolescence. Options A, B, and C are too young to have developed such an understanding.

Question 12

Prejudice is best described as

Accepted Answer

Prejudice is a negative attitude or view towards individuals or groups based on their membership in a particular social category, such as race, ethnicity, gender, religion, or sexual orientation. It involves making unfair and unfounded judgments about people based solely on their group membership rather than getting to know them as individuals.

Question 13

What advice should you give to a parent who is trying to discourage prejudice in his or her child? ​

Accepted Answer

Role-playing being members of another group can help children understand and empathize with individuals from different backgrounds, reducing prejudice. Simply exposing children to different groups may not always lead to understanding and may reinforce stereotypes. Strengthening their feelings towards their own group may lead to a further divide between groups. Letting things alone can result in prejudice going unchallenged and reinforced.

Question 14

Parenting styles vary both across cultures and within cultures.

Accepted Answer

Parenting styles are influenced by cultural values and norms, but can also be shaped by individual beliefs and practices within a culture. Therefore, parenting styles can vary both across cultures and within the same culture.

Question 15

In what stage of perspective-taking are children most egocentric?

Accepted Answer

In the undifferentiated stage of perspective-taking, children are most egocentric as they are unable to differentiate between their own perspective and that of others. They assume that everyone sees and experiences the world in the same way they do.

Question 16

Authoritarian parents usually produce children who are the best adjusted.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that children of authoritarian parents tend to have lower self-esteem, poorer social skills, and more behavioral problems than children of authoritative parents (who set rules and boundaries but also support and listen to their children). While children of permissive parents (who have few rules and little discipline) may also struggle with similar issues, there is no evidence to support that children of authoritarian parents are the best adjusted.

Question 17

The key to effective use of time-out lies in placing a child in an overstimulating environment.

Accepted Answer

The key to effective use of time-out lies in placing a child in a calming and quiet environment, away from any stimuli that may trigger their negative behavior. An overstimulating environment would be unhelpful and counterproductive.

Question 18

What would be the most effective way to increase the impact of prosocial television programs on children's behavior? ​

Accepted Answer

The most effective way to increase the impact of prosocial television programs on children's behavior would be to put more prosocial programs on the air. This would provide children with more opportunities to view and learn from prosocial behavior being modeled on television. Eliminating commercials and adult-oriented programs may also have a positive impact, but they would not necessarily increase the impact of prosocial programs specifically. Putting more cartoons on the air may even have a negative impact on prosocial behavior, as cartoons are not necessarily focused on promoting positive social behavior.

Question 19

Six-year-old Yoko's descriptio Six-year-old Yoko's description of her friend Gretchen is most likely to include which adjective? of  her friend Gretchen is most likely to include which adjective?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Six-year-old Yoko's descriptio Six-year-old Yoko's description of...

Question 20

Which statement is most accurate regarding the cognitive impact of watching television?

Accepted Answer

There is no strong evidence that TV watching by itself has negative effects on children. While excessive television watching can have negative effects on children's cognitive development, there is no evidence to suggest that simply watching TV will cause a child to have a short attention span or become a lazy thinker. It is important for parents to monitor and limit their child's TV viewing to ensure they are engaging in other cognitive activities such as reading, playing, and socializing.

Quiz 7: Expanding Social Horizons: Socioemotional Development in Middle Childhood