Question 1

____________________ impacts can cause rapid and catastrophic climate changes.

Accepted Answer

Bolide

Question 2

The Sun was ____ percent fainter early in Earth's history than it is today.

Accepted Answer

The Sun was 20 to 30 percent fainter early in Earth's history than it is today, a phenomenon often referred to as the "faint young Sun paradox." This concept is based on astrophysical models of stellar evolution, which suggest that the Sun's luminosity has gradually increased over its lifetime.

Question 3

____________________ ratios in glacial ice reflect water temperature at the time the water evaporated.

Accepted Answer

Oxygen isotope

Question 4

Many organisms absorb a high ratio of ¹⁸ O/ ¹⁶ O at low temperatures, but the ratio decreases with ____________________ temperature.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Many organisms absorb a high ratio of...

Question 5

There is evidence that extreme cold periods 600 to 700 million years ago froze the oceans from pole to pole and covered the continents with glaciers, known as ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of There is evidence that extreme cold periods...

Question 6

The correlation between carbon dioxide emission and global temperature ____ that human activities have caused the current global warming.

Accepted Answer

The correlation between carbon dioxide emissions and global temperature implies that human activities have contributed to global warming, as increased emissions from human activities are linked to rising temperatures.

Question 7

Snowfields and glaciers have high albedo and cool Earth by ____________________ sunlight.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Snowfields and glaciers have high albedo and...

Question 8

Why is it that oxygen isotopes in glacial ice can be used to estimate mean ocean surface temperatures in the past?

Accepted Answer

Most of the atmospheric water vapor that falls as snow had evaporated from seawater, and the ratio of oxygen isotopes in the snow is related to the temperature at which the seawater evaporated. By analyzing the ratio of oxygen isotopes in glacial ice, scientists can estimate past ocean surface temperatures.

Question 9

When carbon dioxide gas dissolves in seawater, it reacts to form bicarbonate and ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When carbon dioxide gas dissolves in seawater,...

Question 10

The concentration of ____________________ in the atmosphere has risen since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The concentration of ____________________ in the atmosphere...

Question 11

Climate change does not follow linear relationships; instead, many threshold and ____________________ mechanisms are important.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Climate change does not follow linear relationships;...

Question 12

Carbon exists in the atmosphere mostly as carbon dioxide and smaller amounts of ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Carbon exists in the atmosphere mostly as...

Question 13

When fossil fuels burn, carbon is released into the atmosphere as ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When fossil fuels burn, carbon is released...

Question 14

____________________ in younger layers of sediment shows that about 10,500 years ago, pines displaced the spruce, indicating that the temperature became warmer.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ____________________ in younger layers of sediment shows...

Question 15

____________________ is the most abundant greenhouse gas.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ____________________ is the most abundant greenhouse gas....

Question 16

The past 10,000 years, during which civilization developed, is best characterized as having ____.

Accepted Answer

The past 10,000 years, also known as the Holocene epoch, has had a relatively stable and mild climate. This has allowed for the development of agriculture and the rise of human civilization.

Question 17

Marine organisms absorb calcium and carbonate ions from seawater and convert them into ____________________ in shells and other hard body parts.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Marine organisms absorb calcium and carbonate ions...

Question 18

The thawing of permafrost can release the greenhouse gas ____________________ into the atmosphere.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The thawing of permafrost can release the...

Question 19

Tree rings ____ during unfavorable years.

Accepted Answer

Tree rings grow less during unfavorable years, which can be caused by factors such as drought, disease, or extreme temperatures. The narrowness of the rings can be used by scientists to infer information about past climate conditions and the health of the tree.

Question 20

Methane gas is stored in sea-floor sediments under low temperature and higher pressure conditions as frozen ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Methane gas is stored in sea-floor sediments...

Quiz 21: Climate Change