Question 1

All of the following reduced the level of obedience in the Milgram experiment except

Accepted Answer

In the Milgram experiment, informing participants that the experimenter assumed responsibility for the learner's welfare did not reduce the level of obedience. This is because the authority figure's assumption of responsibility was part of the original setup, where obedience levels were already high. The other options (A, B, and D) were modifications that effectively reduced obedience by either diminishing the authority's perceived power, distancing the authority figure, or increasing the participant's empathy for the learner.

Question 2

Twenge's 2006 book Generation of Me argues that Burger's findings are all of the following except?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Twenge's 2006 book Generation of Me argues...

Question 3

Those participants in Milgram's study who went to the very end of the shock meter were

Accepted Answer

The answer of Those participants in Milgram's study who went...

Question 4

Resistance to the requests of others can be encouraged by all of the following except

Accepted Answer

Following the norm of reciprocity often encourages compliance with requests from others, rather than resistance. Mindfulness can also lead to increased compliance, as it can help individuals to better regulate their emotions and behaviors. Reciprocal wariness may make individuals more cautious in their interactions with others, but it does not necessarily lead to resistance. Knowledge that the other person is trying to get you to comply may actually increase the likelihood of compliance, as individuals may feel obligated to reciprocate the other person's efforts.

Question 5

Which of the following was not part of the procedure in Milgram's research on destructive obedience?

Accepted Answer

Participants playing the role of learners were not ordered to give shocks to the teacher who was trying to complete the task. In fact, the learners were confederates and did not administer any shocks at all.

Question 6

The original Milgram obedience study

Accepted Answer

The original Milgram obedience study has been followed up by a number of additional studies that have varied specific aspects of the research situation. The study itself did not focus on identifying personality characteristics associated with obedience to authority or confirming the effects of informational and normative social pressures on conformity. Additionally, there was only one experimental condition in the Milgram study, not two.

Question 7

The _______ technique often elicits compliance even though the recipient of the request knows she is being misled, and often resents the person making the request as a result.

Accepted Answer

The "that's-not-all" technique is a compliance technique that involves making a request that is initially rejected, followed by a second request that is more modest. This technique often elicits compliance even though the recipient of the request knows she is being misled, and often resents the person making the request as a result.

Question 8

What percentage of the participants in Milgram's study of destructive obedience demonstrated complete obedience to the experimenter?

Accepted Answer

Approximately 65% of participants in Stanley Milgram's study demonstrated complete obedience by administering the highest level of shock to the learner, despite ethical concerns.

Question 9

Research regarding group size and obedience suggests that

Accepted Answer

The presence of other allies who also disagree with authority can significantly increase the likelihood of disobedience, as individuals feel supported and less isolated in their dissent.

Question 10

One factor that did not seem related to the amount of obedience exhibited in the Milgram obedience study was the

Accepted Answer

The Milgram obedience study showed that both male and female participants exhibited similar levels of obedience, so participant sex did not seem to have a significant impact on the amount of obedience observed.

Question 11

Recent research, in which Burger (2009) conducted a partial replication of Milgram's study

Accepted Answer

Burger's study found that a significant percentage of participants continued past 150 volts, similar to Milgram's original findings, indicating that obedience levels have not significantly changed.

Question 12

When Cheryl is with her supervisors, she obeys their decisions without question. But when she is with employees under her supervision, she is aggressive and demanding. Cheryl is likely to be described by social psychologists as having

Accepted Answer

Cheryl's behavior suggests that she has an authoritarian personality, which is characterized by a desire for control and a belief in the importance of obedience to authority figures. This can translate to being submissive to those higher in the hierarchy while being domineering towards those lower in the hierarchy.

Question 13

Natasha convinces Joel to take her to the airport by first asking him to loan her his car for a week. Her attempt to get Joel to do her a favor is most likely based on the principles of

Accepted Answer

Natasha's attempt to get Joel to loan her his car for a week is an example of reciprocal concessions, where she starts with a larger request (borrowing the car for a week) and then makes a smaller request (taking her to the airport) that she had actually wanted all along. This is combined with the principle of perceptual contrast, where the smaller request seems easier to fulfill in comparison to the initial larger request.

Question 14

The Milgram study demonstrated

Accepted Answer

The Milgram study demonstrated the potential for situational influences to lead ordinary people to commit extraordinarily destructive acts. Participants in the study were willing to administer (seemingly) lethal electric shocks to another person simply because an authority figure told them to do so, even when the other person begged them to stop. This highlights the power of situational factors in shaping behavior.

Question 15

Which of the following is true of Milgram's obedience study?

Accepted Answer

In Milgram's obedience study, the experimenter informed participants that he took complete responsibility for any consequences of the participant's actions. This was meant to reduce the participants' feelings of responsibility and increase their obedience. However, it should be noted that there are ethical concerns with such a statement as it may have misled participants to believe that they would not suffer any negative consequences from their actions in the study.

Question 16

When trying to close a car sale, Jerry often tries to sweeten the deal by telling the customer that he will throw in 6 free oil changes as well. This sales technique is best described as

Accepted Answer

The sales technique described is known as the "that's-not-all technique," where the salesperson offers a bonus or additional item after presenting the initial offer in order to sweeten the deal and increase the chances of closing the sale.

Question 17

The questionnaire measure used to assess an individual's authoritarian personality is referred to as the

Accepted Answer

The authoritarian personality is typically measured using the F-scale, which was developed by Theodor Adorno and colleagues. This measure consists of a series of statements that assess an individual's attitudes and beliefs related to authoritarianism, such as a desire for order and a tendency to conform to authority figures. The F-scale has been widely used in research on prejudice, discrimination, and other forms of intergroup relations.

Question 18

Milgram's research on obedience

Accepted Answer

Milgram's research on obedience involved ethical concerns regarding the mistreatment of participants, such as exposure to psychological distress. Moreover, his study's findings revealed that fewer participants than anticipated could administer maximum shocks as ordered by an authority figure, refuting prior psychiatric assumptions.

Question 19

Who of the following is most likely to obey in Milgram's study?

Accepted Answer

Milgram's study found that individuals were more likely to obey authority figures who seemed legitimate and credible, such as those in lab coats or those who have an affiliation with prestigious institutions like Yale University (which was where the study was conducted). Additionally, research has found that gender does not significantly impact obedience levels in this type of study. Therefore, the woman participating at Yale University with an experimenter in a lab coat is the most likely to obey in Milgram's study.

Question 20

Though this was certainly not Milgram's intent,

Accepted Answer

The answer of Though this was certainly not Milgram's intent,
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Quiz 7: Conformity