Research by Zajonc et al. (1969) in which cockroaches run in simple or complex mazes either alone, in pairs, or with an audience provides support for which explanation of social facilitation?

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The mere presence theory. This study found that the presence of an audience (whether the audience was roaches or other cockroaches) increased the speed at which the cockroaches completed the maze, supporting the idea that the mere presence of others can enhance an individual's performance on a simple task.

Research by Zajonc Et Al