Question 1

According to the two-stage model of attraction proposed by Byrne et al. (1986), people

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the two-stage model of attraction...

Question 2

According to evolutionary psychologists, Tom would feel the most upset if his girlfriend Julie

Accepted Answer

According to evolutionary psychology, men have evolved to feel more upset by sexual infidelity than emotional infidelity because sexual infidelity threatens their paternity certainty and therefore their reproductive success. Therefore, Tom would feel the most upset if his girlfriend Julie had been sexually unfaithful to him.

Question 3

Keira knows that she is very physically attractive. Her physical appearance has biased her employer to think that her work is better than it really is. The employer therefore frequently compliments her work. The relevant research suggests, however, that Keira will not benefit psychologically from these compliments because she

Accepted Answer

The relevant research suggests that when people receive compliments that are based solely on their physical appearance, they often don't benefit psychologically because they don't believe the sincerity of the compliments. In Keira's case, her awareness that her physical appearance has biased her employer and led to frequent compliments about her work may make it difficult for her to trust that her work is truly worthy of praise.

Question 4

Interactions with physically attractive others are often rewarding because

Accepted Answer

We expect interactions with physically attractive others to be positive due to the halo effect, which is the tendency for people to assume that physically attractive people possess other positive traits as well. As a result, people may feel more positive and rewarded in their interactions with physically attractive individuals.

Question 5

Walster et al. (1966) randomly matched students for a dance. At the end of the evening, students indicated how satisfied they were with their dates. The strongest predictor of satisfaction was

Accepted Answer

Physical attractiveness was found to be the strongest predictor of satisfaction in the study by Walster et al. (1966), where students were randomly matched for a dance and later asked about their satisfaction with their dates.

Question 6

The hard-to-get effect can be hard to get because

Accepted Answer

All of the options provided contribute to the hard-to-get effect. Option A suggests that being rejected because someone is already committed can be a turn-off, which implies that we desire someone who is available and interested in us. Option B indicates that we prefer individuals who are moderately selective rather than indiscriminate in their choices, which makes us feel special and valued. Option C highlights that we enjoy feeling desired and sought after, especially if it is unique to us rather than just a general trait of the individual. Together, all of these factors contribute to the appeal of the hard-to-get effect.

Question 7

Rosenbaum (1986) argues that social psychologists overestimate the role of attitudinal similarity in attraction, and suggests that it is not that similarity creates attraction but that

Accepted Answer

Rosenbaum suggests that it is not that similarity creates attraction but that dissimilarity produces interpersonal repulsion. This means that when people perceive each other as too different, they may be less attracted to one another.

Question 8

Matthew is considering going on a blind date. According to the evolutionary perspective, he will be most concerned with

Accepted Answer

The evolutionary perspective suggests that individuals are attracted to physical characteristics that reflect reproductive fitness, such as health and fertility. Therefore, Matthew is likely to be most concerned with the physical attractiveness of his date. Social status, attitudes, and intelligence may be important factors for mate selection from a social perspective, but they may not be the primary concerns from an evolutionary perspective.

Question 9

Newcomb's (1961) classic study on attraction in which he set up an experimental college dormitory revealed that

Accepted Answer

Newcomb's study found that students who had similar backgrounds tended to like each other, suggesting that similarity is an important factor in attraction. The study did not find evidence to support choices A, C, or D.

Question 10

According to the evolutionary perspective, women prefer

Accepted Answer

According to the evolutionary perspective, women prefer wealthy men because ancestral females who chose mates with resources had a greater chance of raising healthy offspring and ensuring survival. Wealth can be an indicator of status, providing access to resources and increasing the likelihood of reproductive success.

Question 11

Pinel and colleagues (2006) refer to "I-sharing" as an important form of similarity whereby individuals share

Accepted Answer

According to Pinel and colleagues (2006), "I-sharing" refers to the sharing of a subjective experience or perspective. Therefore, the correct answer is A. Physical attractiveness, political ideologies, and technological expertise do not fall under the category of subjective experiences, and are therefore not examples of "I-sharing."

Question 12

Popular wisdom is often contradictory, as with the following two sayings: 
1) "opposites attract," 
2) "birds of a feather flock together." Research on the relationship between similarity and liking suggests that

Accepted Answer

Research on the relationship between similarity and liking suggests that people tend to be more attracted to those who are similar to themselves. This similarity can be in terms of personality, values, interests, and backgrounds. While opposites may initially attract, over time similarities are important for building and maintaining deep and lasting relationships.

Question 13

According to research by Aronson and Linder (1965), which of the following patterns of comments about us would lead us to like the speaker the most?

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to research by Aronson and Linder...

Question 14

Traci is used to people telling her how attractive she is. Research suggests that if she receives positive feedback on a paper she writes for class, she will be most likely to believe that the feedback is genuine and feel good about it if

Accepted Answer

The fact that the person who graded her paper has never seen her before means that the feedback is not influenced by Traci's physical attractiveness, and is therefore more likely to be perceived as genuine.

Question 15

Spike likes L.J., but Spike doesn't like Reggie. The relationship among these three individuals would be balanced if

Accepted Answer

In balance theory, a relationship is balanced if the product of the signs of the relationships is positive. Spike likes L.J. (+), Spike doesn't like Reggie (-), and if L.J. doesn't like Reggie (-), the product is positive, resulting in a balanced relationship.

Question 16

Similarity leads to attraction for all of the following reasons except

Accepted Answer

Similarity does not necessarily imply physical attractiveness. While physical attractiveness can contribute to attraction, it is not the main reason why similarity leads to attraction. The other options are all valid reasons why similarity leads to attraction.

Question 17

Snyder and colleagues (1977) ran a study in which mixed-gender pairs had a phone conversation. Male participants were given either an attractive or unattractive photo of their conversation partner. Imagine that researchers are interested in extending the results of this study. These new researchers hope to examine the variables of competence and weight because they are interested in studying the stereotype that people who are overweight are perceived to be less competent. In this new study, participants are shown a picture of someone who is either overweight or average weight. They are then told to conduct a phone interview of the person shown in photograph. In fact, they actually conduct a phone interview of another participant (the interviewee), who is not the person in the photo; in reality the photos shown to the participants are assigned at random. The interviewee's responses are tape-recorded for later rating by judges blind to experimental condition. Based on the et al. (1977) findings, we would expect that

Accepted Answer

Based on the results of Snyder et al. (1977) study, we know that physical attractiveness can affect the perception of competence. In this new study, the researchers are manipulating weight instead of attractiveness. Therefore, it is likely that participants conducting the interviews would rate "overweight" interviewees as less competent than "average" weight interviewees, consistent with the stereotype that people who are overweight are perceived as less competent. The blind judges, who are not affected by the physical appearance of the interviewees, would also rate the "overweight" interviewees as less competent than "average" weight interviewees. Therefore, both the blind judges and the participants would rate "overweight" interviewees as less competent than "average" weight interviewees.

Question 18

Which of the following best reflects the benefits and cost of being attractive?

Accepted Answer

Attractiveness can indeed confer social advantages, but it may also lead attractive individuals to question the genuineness of compliments about their achievements, wondering if praise is based on their looks rather than their actual work or talents.

Question 19

Wegner and colleagues (1994) conducted a study in which mixed-gender foursomes played a card game. Some couples were instructed to play "footsie" secretly under the table, some were instructed to do so out in the open, and others were not told to do anything at all. Findings indicated that participants reported being most attracted to their partner when

Accepted Answer

The study found that participants reported being most attracted to their partner when they played "footsie" in secret, indicating that covert communication of sexual interest may increase attraction.

Question 20

Furio believes that people desire and form relationships with others who are similar in terms of attitudes, values, physical attractiveness, and so on. Furio subscribes to

Accepted Answer

Furio's belief that people desire and form relationships with others who are similar in terms of attitudes, values, physical attractiveness, and so on aligns with the matching hypothesis. The matching hypothesis proposes that individuals tend to choose partners who are similar to themselves in terms of characteristics such as physical attractiveness and intelligence.

Quiz 9: Attraction and Close Relationships

According to the two-stage model of attraction proposed by Byrne et al. (1986) , people