Question 1

Contingency tables can be used to present and describe:
A)bivariate and multivariate relationships.
B)univariate, bivariate, and multivariate relationships.
C)bivariate and multivariate relationships, but only using discrete data.
D)univariate relationships only.
E)multivariate relationships of only three or more variables.

Accepted Answer

Contingency tables are used to present and describe bivariate and multivariate relationships, typically involving categorical data. They help in analyzing the relationship between two or more variables.

Question 2

The end product of the coding process in quantitative analysis refers to:
A)the conversion of data items into numerical codes.
B)the conversion of an attribute to a variable.
C)the assignment of a number or numeral to each questionnaire item.
D)the transfer of variables to the computer.
E)the assignment of a variable to a computer column.

Accepted Answer

The end product of the coding process in quantitative analysis is the conversion of data items into numerical codes, which allows for easier analysis and processing of the data.

Question 3

A friend showed you the following table: ​  ​
What guideline in table construction does this table violate? ​
A)Tables should have a succinct heading.
B)The attributes of each variable should be clearly indicated.
C)The base for percentages should be included in the table.
D)The number of missing cases should be indicated in the table.
E)The table doesn't violate any guidelines.

Accepted Answer

E

Question 4

Looking at your data and frequency distribution, you find that a variable labeled LEVEL has only whole number values between 1 and 5. You can conclude that the variable is a(n):
A)continuous variable.
B)interval variable.
C)ratio variable.
D)discrete variable.
E)dichotomous variable.

Accepted Answer

The variable labeled LEVEL has only whole number values and is between 1 and 5. This means that the variable can only take on a limited number of distinct values, making it a discrete variable. The other options (continuous, interval, ratio, and dichotomous) do not accurately describe the properties of this variable.

Question 5

Always include the number of cases omitted from a bivariate analysis because of missing data in the table.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Always include the number of cases omitted...

Question 6

Which of the following would not be an example of sociological diagnostics?
A)Robert's GPA variations while in college
B)differing income between men and women in the workforce
C)race, ethnicity, and the ability to receive a home mortgage
D)dispersions of educational funds throughout the United States
E)gender, race, ethnicity, and poverty in the United States

Accepted Answer

Sociological diagnostics involves identifying and analyzing social problems and inequalities, whereas Robert's GPA variations are not a social problem or inequality. The other answer choices all relate to social problems and inequalities.

Question 7

Certain guidelines should be kept in mind when coding. Among these is the following:
A)The coding scheme should be appropriate to the analysis intended in the study.
B)The coding scheme should be appropriate to the theoretical concepts being examined.
C)The reliability of the coder(s)should always be verified.
D)Code categories should be both mutually exclusive and exhaustive.
E)Code categories should not be changed once the study starts.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Certain guidelines should be kept in mind...

Question 8

Which of the following statements about data entry is FALSE?
A)There are many ways to enter data on the computer.
B)Optical scan sheets can be fed into machines that convert the marks into data.
C)Data entry can sometimes occur in the process of data collection.
D)Data entry specialists can enter data from a questionnaire into a data matrix or spreadsheet.
E)Data analysis can begin before data entry has begun.

Accepted Answer

Data analysis cannot begin before data entry has begun. Data entry is necessary to create the data set that will be analyzed.

Question 9

Coding should always begin with a relatively well-developed coding scheme derived from your research purpose.

Accepted Answer

Beginning coding with a well-developed coding scheme ensures that the coding process is objective, reliable, and efficient.

Question 10

A description of the number of times that the various attributes of a variable are observed in a sample is called a _____.
A)frequency distribution
B)mean
C)measure of dispersion
D)contingency table
E)multivariable table

Accepted Answer

A frequency distribution describes the number of times each attribute or value of a variable appears in a sample, often presented as a table or chart. It is a basic tool used in descriptive statistics to summarize and analyze data.

Question 11

Professor Wilton decided to test whether blondes have more fun. Wilton surveyed 600 people and obtained the following results: ​ ​  ​ The BEST way(s)to percentage this table is(are): ​
A)within columns, down.
B)within rows, across.
C)divide each cell by 600.
D)within columns, across.
E)within rows, down.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Professor Wilton decided to test whether blondes...

Question 12

You are helping code one of your professor's data. You are coding occupation and notice that there is no code for a respondent's indicated occupation. Which of the following statements would be correct in relating the problem to the professor?
A)The coding scheme for occupation is not mutually exclusive.
B)The lack of a code for this particular occupation signals a mismatch between the data and the coding scheme.
C)The coding scheme for occupation is exhaustive.
D)The coding scheme is not a good scheme.
E)The lack of a code for this particular occupation means that the response should be thrown out.

Accepted Answer

The answer of You are helping code one of your...

Question 13

Given the following age distribution, the mean is _____. ​ 18, 33, 7, 32, 6, 5, 4 ​
A)4
B)7
C)15
D)32
E)cannot be computed from the information given

Accepted Answer

To find the mean, you need to add up all the numbers and divide by the total number of values. Summing up the given values, we get 18+33+7+32+6+5+4=105. So, the mean is 105/7 = 15.

Question 14

Construction of explanatory bivariate tables involves:
A)dividing cases into the appropriate subgroups, describing each subgroup in terms of a given variable, and comparing those descriptions across subgroups.
B)dividing, describing, and comparing subgroups on independent and dependent variables.
C)analyzing the simultaneous relationships among several variables among subgroups.
D)dividing, describing, and comparing univariate independent variables on subgroups.
E)analyzing the simultaneous relationships among several variables.

Accepted Answer

Explanatory bivariate tables involve dividing cases into subgroups, describing each subgroup in terms of a given variable, and then comparing those descriptions across subgroups. This is typically done to explore the relationship between two variables in a dataset. Option A accurately describes the process of constructing explanatory bivariate tables. Option B is incorrect because the terms "independent" and "dependent" are not always applicable in bivariate tables. Option C and E describe more complex statistical analyses that go beyond bivariate tables. Option D only refers to describing independent variables, while bivariate tables involve comparing two variables.

Question 15

In a perfect normal distribution:
A)the mean is zero.
B)the mode is exactly half of the mean.
C)the mean, median, and mode are all equal.
D)the median is always 1.
E)the mode is twice the mean.

Accepted Answer

In a perfect normal distribution, the mean, median, and mode are all equal. This is why a normal distribution is sometimes referred to as a symmetric distribution. The other options are not true for a normal distribution.

Question 16

A measure of dispersion describes:
A)the clustered data.
B)the data that are most important.
C)the distribution of values around some central value.
D)the appropriate data for analysis.
E)the discrete data only.

Accepted Answer

A measure of dispersion refers to how spread out or varied a set of data is. It tells us how much the values vary from a central point or the average value. So, choice C, which talks about the distribution of values around some central value, is the most appropriate option. The other choices are not relevant to the concept of a measure of dispersion.

Question 17

Whereas univariate analysis and subgroup comparisons focus on the descriptions of the people under study, the focus of most of the bivariate analysis is on the relationships among the variables themselves.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Whereas univariate analysis and subgroup comparisons focus...

Question 18

Given a mean of 12 and a standard deviation of 2, we can conclude that:
A)95 percent of cases are between 10 and 14.
B)68 percent of cases are between 10 and 14.
C)all of our data are between 10 and 14.
D)there is not enough information to make any conclusions.
E)95 percent of cases are between 11 and 13.

Accepted Answer

The correct choice is based on the empirical rule, which states that for a normal distribution, approximately 68% of the data falls within one standard deviation of the mean. Given a mean of 12 and a standard deviation of 2, one standard deviation below the mean is 10 (12-2) and one standard deviation above the mean is 14 (12+2), thus 68% of cases are between 10 and 14.

Question 19

When summarizing heavily skewed data, the best measure of central tendency is:
A)median.
B)mean.
C)mode.
D)standard deviation.
E)correlation.

Accepted Answer

When data is heavily skewed, the mean can be heavily influenced by extreme values, making it an unreliable measure of central tendency. The mode can also be unreliable in skewed data as it may not represent a typical or central value. The median, on the other hand, represents the middle value in a dataset and is not heavily influenced by outliers or extreme values, making it the best choice for summarizing skewed data.

Question 20

Given the following age distribution, the range is _____. ​ 12, 15, 8, 17, 34, 43, 2, 16, 43, 3 ​
A)12 to 3
B)17 to 43
C)2 to 17
D)2 to 43
E)cannot be computed from the information given

Accepted Answer

The range is the difference between the highest and lowest values in the distribution. The highest value is 43 and the lowest value is 2, therefore the range is 43-2=41. The best choice is D, which includes both the highest and lowest values in the range.

Quiz 14: Quantitative Data Analysis

Contingency tables can be used to present and describe:

The end product of the coding process in quantitative analysis refers to:

A friend showed you the following table: What guideline in table construction does this table violate?

Looking at your data and frequency distribution, you find that a variable labeled LEVEL has only whole number values between 1 and 5. You can conclude that the variable is a(n) :

Always include the number of cases omitted from a bivariate analysis because of missing data in the table.

Which of the following would not be an example of sociological diagnostics?

Certain guidelines should be kept in mind when coding. Among these is the following:

Which of the following statements about data entry is FALSE?

Coding should always begin with a relatively well-developed coding scheme derived from your research purpose.

A description of the number of times that the various attributes of a variable are observed in a sample is called a _____.

Professor Wilton decided to test whether blondes have more fun. Wilton surveyed 600 people and obtained the following results: The BEST way(s) to percentage this table is(are) :

You are helping code one of your professor's data. You are coding occupation and notice that there is no code for a respondent's indicated occupation. Which of the following statements would be correct in relating the problem to the professor?

Given the following age distribution, the mean is _____. 18, 33, 7, 32, 6, 5, 4

Construction of explanatory bivariate tables involves:

In a perfect normal distribution:

A measure of dispersion describes:

Whereas univariate analysis and subgroup comparisons focus on the descriptions of the people under study, the focus of most of the bivariate analysis is on the relationships among the variables themselves.

Given a mean of 12 and a standard deviation of 2, we can conclude that:

When summarizing heavily skewed data, the best measure of central tendency is:

Given the following age distribution, the range is _____. 12, 15, 8, 17, 34, 43, 2, 16, 43, 3

Quiz 14: Quantitative Data Analysis

Contingency tables can be used to present and describe:

The end product of the coding process in quantitative analysis refers to:

A friend showed you the following table: ​ ​ What guideline in table construction does this table violate? ​

Looking at your data and frequency distribution, you find that a variable labeled LEVEL has only whole number values between 1 and 5. You can conclude that the variable is a(n) :

Always include the number of cases omitted from a bivariate analysis because of missing data in the table.

Which of the following would not be an example of sociological diagnostics?

Certain guidelines should be kept in mind when coding. Among these is the following:

Which of the following statements about data entry is FALSE?

Coding should always begin with a relatively well-developed coding scheme derived from your research purpose.

A description of the number of times that the various attributes of a variable are observed in a sample is called a _____.

Professor Wilton decided to test whether blondes have more fun. Wilton surveyed 600 people and obtained the following results: ​ ​ ​ The BEST way(s) to percentage this table is(are) : ​

You are helping code one of your professor's data. You are coding occupation and notice that there is no code for a respondent's indicated occupation. Which of the following statements would be correct in relating the problem to the professor?

Given the following age distribution, the mean is _____. ​ 18, 33, 7, 32, 6, 5, 4 ​

Construction of explanatory bivariate tables involves:

In a perfect normal distribution:

A measure of dispersion describes:

Whereas univariate analysis and subgroup comparisons focus on the descriptions of the people under study, the focus of most of the bivariate analysis is on the relationships among the variables themselves.

Given a mean of 12 and a standard deviation of 2, we can conclude that:

When summarizing heavily skewed data, the best measure of central tendency is:

Given the following age distribution, the range is _____. ​ 12, 15, 8, 17, 34, 43, 2, 16, 43, 3 ​

A friend showed you the following table: What guideline in table construction does this table violate?

Professor Wilton decided to test whether blondes have more fun. Wilton surveyed 600 people and obtained the following results: The BEST way(s) to percentage this table is(are) :

Given the following age distribution, the mean is _____. 18, 33, 7, 32, 6, 5, 4

Given the following age distribution, the range is _____. 12, 15, 8, 17, 34, 43, 2, 16, 43, 3