Question 1

Describe similarities and differences between the Premack principle and subsequent response allocation models.

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Question 2

Briefly describe an experiment that would test the Premack differential probability principle.

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Question 3

Provide evidence that supports the hypothesis that animals can develop specific reward expectancies during conditioning procedures.

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Question 4

One contribution of the response allocation approach was that it moved us toward considering instrumental conditioning as

Accepted Answer

The response allocation approach contributed to understanding instrumental conditioning as creating a new distribution of responses, rather than just strengthening a specific response. This perspective emphasizes how behavior is distributed among various options rather than focusing solely on the reinforcement of a single behavior.

Question 5

Describe what an S-O association is and what research tactic provides the best evidence for it.

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Question 6

What is the central premise of the modern two-process theory? Describe specific predictions of the theory.

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Question 7

What investigative techniques are used to provide evidence of R-O associations? Why is it not possible to explain instrumental behavior by assuming only R-O association learning?

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Question 8

Suppose you want to reduce the occurrence of some undesired social behavior (like illegal drug use). Describe two things you would do that, according to economic concepts of response allocation, would decrease the behavior.

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Question 9

Describe what is an S-R association and what provides the best evidence for it.

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Question 10

Which of the following is not a contribution of the response allocation approach?

Accepted Answer

The response allocation approach did not introduce the idea that instrumental conditioning is a strengthening of the instrumental response. This concept was already established in the traditional approach to instrumental conditioning.

Question 11

How do studies of the associative structure of instrumental conditioning help in understanding the nature of drug addiction?

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Question 12

Which of the following will not have much of an effect on the demand a group of rats has for food pellet reinforcers?

Accepted Answer

The availability of time on a running wheel is unrelated to the demand for food pellet reinforcers, as exercise does not directly affect food consumption or reinforcement value. The other options may affect demand for the reinforcers, as the amount of time to make responses, the number of required responses, and availability of substitutes can impact the effort required to obtain the reinforcement and its relative value.

Question 13

What factors influence the elasticity of demand? How do these factors influence our understanding of instrumental conditioning studies with animals?

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Question 14

What is the unconstrained baseline\behavioral bliss point? How does an experimenter determine this? How does the baseline\bliss point approach account for reinforcer effects?

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Question 15

Compare the Premack principle to the response deprivation hypothesis. What evidence supports the response deprivation hypothesis?

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Question 16

Intuition suggests that subjects make responses in order to receive a particular outcome. What evidence is there of R-O associations in animals?

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Question 17

Describe implications of modern concepts of reinforcement for behavior therapy.

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Question 18

What are the primary contributions of economic concepts to the understanding of the motivational bases of instrumental behavior?

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Quiz 7: Instrumental Conditioning