Question 1

According to the text, the essence of both descriptive and ethical relativism is the belief that people do differ fundamentally about what is right and wrong.

Accepted Answer

False

Question 2

According to ethical relativism, there is no objective good or bad, right or wrong.

Accepted Answer

Ethical relativism holds that morality is relative to the individual, culture, or society and there is no objective standard of right or wrong. What is considered moral or immoral differs between individuals and cultures.

Question 3

Social or cultural relativism holds that what is right is whatever one's society or culture holds is right.

Accepted Answer

Social or cultural relativism is the belief that what is right or wrong is relative to the cultural and societal norms of a particular group of people. Therefore, what may be considered morally acceptable in one culture or society may be considered immoral or unethical in another.

Question 4

Ethical relativism holds that

Accepted Answer

Ethical relativism holds that there is no objective right and wrong, as morality is subjective and varies from culture to culture. Therefore, what is considered right or wrong in one society may not be the same in another. This view rejects the existence of any universal moral principles that are independent of cultural norms or individual beliefs.

Question 5

According to individual ethical relativism, I cannot be objectively mistaken in my moral judgments.

Accepted Answer

According to individual ethical relativism, each individual's morality is subjective and based on their own personal beliefs and cultural background. Therefore, their moral judgments cannot be objectively mistaken as they are based on their own personal perspective.

Question 6

The belief that what is right in some circumstances is not necessarily right in others cannot be held by ethical objectivists.

Accepted Answer

Ethical objectivists believe that there are universal moral principles that apply in all circumstances, regardless of context. They would not agree that what is right in some circumstances may not be right in others.

Question 7

According to Mary Migley, "moral isolationism"

Accepted Answer

According to Mary Migley, moral isolationism is not forced upon us and makes no sense at all. It is the idea that moral judgments cannot be made across different cultures or societies, and therefore each individual culture must be respected without any attempt to understand or evaluate their moral codes. Migley argues that this idea is flawed and dangerous, as it can lead to a lack of accountability and tolerance for immoral practices in other cultures.

Question 8

How could one be an objectivist or nonrelativist and yet hold that what is right in some circumstances is wrong or bad in others?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How could one be an objectivist or...

Question 9

If people disagree about some moral matter, their disagreement will always be due to their having different moral values.

Accepted Answer

People can disagree about moral matters for various reasons, including differences in understanding of the facts, application of the same values, or interpretation of principles, not solely due to having different moral values.

Question 10

Moral pluralists hold that there are many different ultimate values but question whether some rank higher than others.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Moral pluralists hold that there are many...

Question 11

Isolating barriers

Accepted Answer

Isolating barriers prevent us from truly examining our own culture by creating a separation that limits our understanding and critical evaluation of our cultural norms and practices.

Question 12

G. E. Moore is classified as a moral realist because he believed that there was some really existing quality of goodness that we could perceive by intuition.

Accepted Answer

Moore believed in the existence of objective moral truths, which he called "naturalistic fallacy" or the belief that moral goodness can be equated with natural properties. He argued that goodness is a non-natural quality that can be perceived by intuition, and that it cannot be reduced to any other property. This makes him a moral realist.

Question 13

Ethical relativism holds that there is a right and wrong, even though we do not agree about what is right and wrong.

Accepted Answer

Ethical relativism is the belief that moral and ethical principles are relative to a particular culture or society and that they cannot be universally applied. Therefore, what is right and wrong may vary depending on the cultural or societal norms of a particular group, according to ethical relativism.

Question 14

People may have basic moral agreement but arrive at different conclusions because

Accepted Answer

They have different factual agreements.

Question 15

How would an objectivist respond to the subjectivist/ relativist argument that there is no objective right and wrong because people never agree about what is right and wrong.

Accepted Answer

The answer of How would an objectivist respond to the...

Question 16

According to the text, moral skeptics hold that it is difficult or impossible to know what is good or bad, right or wrong.

Accepted Answer

The text states that moral skeptics hold the belief that it is challenging or impossible to determine what is morally right or wrong.

Question 17

Is the relativist necessarily more tolerant than the objectivist?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Is the relativist necessarily more tolerant than...

Question 18

A supervenient moral property may include all of the following except

Accepted Answer

Profit is not typically considered a moral property. Courage, generosity, and honesty are commonly recognized as moral virtues.

Question 19

Which is not a reason for supporting ethical relativism

Accepted Answer

Social cohesion is not a reason for supporting ethical relativism. In fact, some argue that ethical relativism can undermine social cohesion by undermining shared values and standards of behavior. The other three options (moral uncertainty, diversity of moral views, and situational differences) are commonly cited as reasons for supporting ethical relativism.

Quiz 2: Ethical Relativism