In general, a process that is exothermic is favorably spontaneous. When ammonium nitrate, NH4NO3, is dissolved in water, the process is endothermic yet still spontaneous. Why is this process spontaneous?
Recall that there are three steps in the dissolution process. Step 1:
Solute-Solute interactions must be broken. Step 2:
Solvent-Solvent interactions must be broken. Step 3:
Solute-Solvent interactions are formed.
A) The process of separating the ammonium ions from the nitrate ions in the crystal lattice of NH4NO3 (step 1) is exothermic thus favoring a spontaneous process.
B) The process of separating water molecules from water molecules (step 2) is exothermic thus favoring a spontaneous process.
C) Steps 1 and 2 are both exothermic and thus the process is spontaneous.
D) The process is spontaneous because the overall solution upon mixing is more disordered than the pure substances NH4NO3 and water (the entropy factor) , even though the overall mixing process is endothermic.
E) None of these
Correct Answer:
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