The term that describes the situation where a cation in water solution is closely surrounded by oxygen atoms from the water is:

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The term hydration specifically refers to the process by which water molecules surround and stabilize ions in solution. This results in the formation of a shell of water molecules around the ion, with the oxygen atoms of the water oriented towards the positively charged cation. Clathrate refers to a type of compound in which a lattice structure forms around a guest molecule, water of crystallization refers to water molecules that are incorporated into the crystal structure of a solid compound, and dielectric constant is a measure of a material's ability to store electrical energy in an electric field.

The Term That Describes the Situation Where a Cation in Water