Question 1

The mitochondria

Accepted Answer

The mitochondria are commonly referred to as the powerhouse of the cell because they generate ATP through the process of cellular respiration by breaking down carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. They do not contain digestive enzymes, are not involved with cell secretions, and are not the brain for the cell's metabolic activity and cell division (this is the nucleus).

Question 2

Lysosomes

Accepted Answer

Lysosomes are organelles that contain digestive enzymes and can break down old, worn-out cell parts, dead cells, bacteria, and foreign materials to be recycled or disposed of by the cell. They also play a role in autophagy, a process that helps to maintain cellular homeostasis by removing damaged or unnecessary cellular components.

Question 3

The nucleolus

Accepted Answer

The nucleolus is a structure within the nucleus that is responsible for producing ribosomes, which are composed of RNA and protein. It is not nicknamed the powerhouse of the cell, nor is it the brain for metabolic activity and cell division, or responsible for organizing spindle fibers during cell mitosis.

Question 4

Which of the following are the body's major source of cell energy?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates are the body's major source of cell energy. When broken down through cellular respiration, carbohydrates provide ATP, the molecule that cells use for energy. Nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids can also be used for energy, but they are not the body's major source.

Question 5

Which of the following function to store energy, insulate our bodies from cold, assist with digestion, and help to lubricate our joints?

Accepted Answer

Lipids are known for their ability to store energy and provide insulation for the body against cold. They also help with digestion by aiding in the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins and are important for joint lubrication. Nucleic acids are responsible for carrying genetic information, carbohydrates serve primarily as an energy source, and amino acids are the building blocks of proteins.

Question 6

The cytoplasm

Accepted Answer

The cytoplasm is responsible for carrying out the metabolic functions of the cell, including catabolism and anabolism. It is also the site of many cellular structures and organelles, including the cytoskeleton, ribosomes, and mitochondria.

Question 7

The nucleus

Accepted Answer

The nucleus is considered the most vital cell organelle because it contains the genetic material (DNA) that controls the cell's functions and is essential for cell division and reproduction. Option A refers to DNA's structure, but it is not exclusive to the nucleus. Option C refers to ribosomes, not the nucleus. Option D refers to lysosomes, not the nucleus.

Question 8

RNA

Accepted Answer

RNA assists with and controls protein synthesis. The other options are incorrect: B describes the nuclear envelope, C describes the centromere, and D describes the S phase of the cell cycle.

Question 9

The endoplasmic reticulum

Accepted Answer

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) assists in the synthesis and transport of proteins and lipids, including channeling them to various parts of the cell, including the nucleus.

Question 10

Which of the following group of proteins are found in all living cells, and act as organic catalysts?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes are found in all living cells and act as organic catalysts. Lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids are also found in all living cells but do not have catalytic functions.

Question 11

DNA

Accepted Answer

DNA passes genetic information from cell to cell, and ultimately from generation to generation. It contains the instructions for the development and function of all living organisms.

Question 12

The Golgi apparatus

Accepted Answer

The Golgi apparatus is involved with cell secretions, such as the packaging and modifying of proteins before secretion. It is not involved in digesting old cells or breaking down carbohydrates, fat, and proteins into energy. It is also not the "brain" of a cell's metabolic activity and cell division, as those functions are regulated by the nucleus and other organelles.

Question 13

Which of the following is defined as the combination of two or more tissues which are combined to perform a specific function?

Accepted Answer

An organ is a combination of two or more tissues that work together to perform a specific function. A cell is the basic unit of life, a tissue is a group of similar cells that work together to perform a specific function, and a system is a group of organs that work together to perform a specific function in the body.

Question 14

Which of the following assist in growth, construct new tissues, and repair injured or worn out cells?

Accepted Answer

Proteins are essential for growth, as they are used to build new tissues and repair damaged cells. Enzymes and lipids do not directly contribute to tissue growth and repair, while carbohydrates primarily provide energy rather than contributing to tissue construction.

Question 15

The cell membrane

Accepted Answer

The cell membrane, also known as the plasma membrane, serves as a barrier that separates the interior of the cell from the outside environment. It is composed of a phospholipid bilayer that regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell. Option B is incorrect because the cytoplasm contains organelles like the mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and ribosomes, but the cell membrane is not located within the cytoplasm. Option C and D are also incorrect as they describe functions that are not associated with the cell membrane.

Question 16

The nuclear membrane

Accepted Answer

The nuclear membrane has openings called nuclear pores which allow substances to travel from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Option A is incorrect because the nucleus itself is responsible for regulating the cell's metabolic activity and cell division. Option B is incorrect because digestive enzymes are found in lysosomes, not in the nuclear membrane. Option C is incorrect because the powerhouse of the cell refers to the mitochondria, not the nuclear membrane.

Question 17

The centrosome and centrioles

Accepted Answer

The centrosome and centrioles function to organize the spindle fibers during cell mitosis. They are responsible for separating the chromosomes during cell division, specifically in the process of mitosis.

Question 18

Which of the following contain carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and phosphorus, and are the largest known organic molecules?

Accepted Answer

Nucleic acids, specifically DNA and RNA, contain carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and phosphorus and are the largest known organic molecules. Carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins may contain some or all of these elements, but they are not considered the largest organic molecules.

Question 19

Which of the following are considered to be the building blocks of proteins?

Accepted Answer

Amino acids are the basic building blocks of proteins, which are essential macromolecules for many biological functions. Enzymes are a type of protein, lipids and carbohydrates are not directly related to protein synthesis.

Question 20

Which of the following are inorganic compounds that maintain the osmotic pressure of the cell by maintaining the correct proportion of water in the cell?

Accepted Answer

Sodium and potassium are electrolytes that help maintain the correct proportion of water in the cell and regulate osmotic pressure. Nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins are not involved in maintaining osmotic pressure.

Quiz 2: Cellular Anatomy and Physiology