Which of the following sentences in a research paper should include a citation?

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

Writers need to include citations when using data, ideas, images, etc. that are not their own (including paraphrasing of ideas). Information that would not be considered common knowledge should also receive citations for its source. In this example, the writer is using data from Michaela Johnson, so it would require a citation.
Frogs, which are present in almost all ecosystems, are an important source of food for predators. This is general information that does not need a citation.
In conclusion, the previously stated Michaela Johnson's findings open a new door in the study of amphibians. This sentence does not require a citation, as the author is drawing his/her own conclusion about the protests, referencing Michaela Johnson's findings (which does not include a specific idea or information that needs to be cited in this case).
In the light if the results of the multiple analysis we ran, we conclude frogs existed 265,000 years ago. This sentence does not require a citation, as it is stating a conclusion from the author's own investigation and not pulling information from someone else.

Which of the Following Sentences in a Research Paper Should