Question 1

Individuals who function under a(n)________ tend to believe that they have control over their environment; hence as nurses,they tend to feel it is their duty to diagnose disorders and do everything possible to save a patient's life.

Accepted Answer

Individuals who function from an internal locus of control tend to believe that they do have control over their environment.Nurses and health care providers who have an internal locus of control,such as those who have been trained in the United States,often feel that it is their duty to diagnose disorders,plan interventions,and do everything possible to save a patient's life.Those who function from an external locus of control,such as those trained outside of the United States and who may be from countries that believe in collectivism (best for the group as opposed to what is best for the individual)tend to have a more fatalistic attitude and may feel that they cannot have control over matters of life and death.

Question 2

When working with staff from different cultures,it is important to realize that there may be different perceptions of a variety of areas that are inherent in the health care regime.Which of the following is not one of these potential areas of differing perception?

Accepted Answer

Working with staff from different cultures brings with it differing perceptions of the health care regime and its inherent elements.Some potential areas of difference that may impact nursing health care service delivery include: staff responsibilities,the role of the nurse (not health care practitioner),locus of control,time orientation,educational differences,and language differences.

Question 3

Integrated lifestyles,the learned and shared beliefs,values,and worldviews are a definition of:

Accepted Answer

Culture highlights the way individuals differ and are similar to other individuals.Individuals from different cultures may think,solve problems,and perceive and structure the world differently from individuals from another culture.Culture involves integrated lifestyles,the shared beliefs,rules and symbols,and values as well as knowledge.

Question 4

Within each broad category of race are numerous cultural groups.Why is this important for nurses to recognize?

Accepted Answer

Located within each broad category of race are numerous subcultures,such as different Native American tribes that tend to be broadly categorized as "Native American." Another broad category is the term "Hispanic," which encompasses subcultures such as Caribbean,Cuban,Guatemalan,Puerto Rican,Mexican,and Central / South American peoples.

Question 5

An individual with an impaired ability to integrate meaning and purpose in his life through his own connectedness with others,self,music,nature,or a higher power has:

Accepted Answer

Spiritual distress is a recognized nursing diagnosis that consists of an impaired ability to integrate meaning and purpose in life through an individual's connectedness with self,others,art,music,literature,nature,or a higher power.In order to relieve this distress,it is expected that individuals will reconnect with those items or elements that they consider to be important (e.g.,meditation,prayer,religious services or rituals,communing with nature or animals,sharing of self,or caring for others)in order to return to meaning and purpose in life.Depression consists of a variety of symptoms that interfere with the ability to work,eat,sleep,and function in activities that once brought pleasure.Schizoid personality disorder consists of a pattern of indifference to social relationships and a limited range of emotional expression and experience.

Question 6

There are several dimensions of primary importance in organizational culture.Which of the following is not one of these?

Accepted Answer

Organizational culture is a system of shared beliefs and values that actively influence the behavior of an organization (Ott,1989).Five primary components of organizational culture are: 1)values (the foundation for the organization,guide behavior,and express the organization's philosophy),2)relative diversity (by having an organizational culture,some degree of similarity is assumed,but the amount of deviation from this similarity can differ),3)resource allocation and reward (distribution of monies and resources lets people know what and who is valued in the organization),4)degree of change (fast-paced organizations differ from slower-paced ones and how they react to change),and 5)strength of culture (how much influence the culture exerts).

Question 7

According to DeRosa and Kochura's (2006)article entitled "Implement Culturally Competent Health Care in Your Workplace," cultures have different patterns of verbal and nonverbal communication.Which of the following communication behaviors is not one of the noted communication differences?

Accepted Answer

DeRosa and Kochura (2006,October)noted four potential differences in communication among different cultures.These differences include: 1)conversational style (e.g.,silence may be taken as a sign of respect or acknowledgement),2)personal space (not personal behavior),3)eye contact (in some cultures,direct eye contact may be viewed as a sign of disrespect),and 4)subject matter (some subjects are considered taboo in certain cultures).

Question 8

Some nursing theories and models have been developed to assist nurses in the delivery of culturally competent care.Which of the following is not one of these models or theories?

Accepted Answer

Several nursing theories and models have been developed to help nurse leaders prevent workplace difficulties when working with people who are different due to age,ethnicity,race,culture,or religion.Some of these theories and models include: Leininger's Transcultural Nursing,Purnell's Model for Cultural Competence,Campinha-Bacote's Process of Cultural Competence in the Delivery of Healthcare Services,and Giger and Davidhizar's Transcultural Assessment Model.

Question 9

According to the survey of diversity in nursing by the American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN,2006),what percentage of RNs who graduated from an undergraduate program were men?

Accepted Answer

The American Association of Colleges of Nursing's survey of diversity in nursing noted that in 2011 6.2% of the registered nurses who graduated from undergraduate nursing programs were men.The initial preparation for male RNs was an associate's degree.This number of male nurses has steadily increased.

Question 10

Which ethnic minority group was noted to have the largest representation in baccalaureate nursing programs,according to the 2006 survey by the AACN?

Accepted Answer

The largest minority ethnic group represented in the 2006 AACN survey of baccalaureate nursing programs was black or African American (12%).Hispanic or Latino graduates totaled 5.4%,Native Americans were 0.7%,and Asian,Native Hawaiian,and other Pacific Islanders groups totaled 0.8%.

Question 11

According to Giger and Davidhizar (2004),the members of which cultural group tend to believe themselves in harmony with nature rather than being controlled by or in control of nature?

Accepted Answer

Giger and Davidhizar (2004)noted some differences in locus of control and belief systems that can impact how health care services are perceived and delivered for a number of different groups.Some Native Americans,Chinese Americans,and Japanese Americans tended to believe that they were in harmony with nature rather than being controlled by or in control of nature.On the other hand,some Mexican-Americans,Appalachians,and Puerto Ricans tended to have a more fatalistic attitude and felt that they had no control over matters of life or death.

Question 12

When moving to a different country,it is important to consider the possibility and potential implications of:

Accepted Answer

Culture shock can occur when an individual immigrates to a different country with a different culture.This may occur when the values and beliefs upheld by the new culture are radically different from the individual's native culture.

Question 13

Which of the following does not necessarily belong as a component of culturally competent care?

Accepted Answer

Culturally competent care is an integration of knowledge,attitudes,and skills that enhance cross-cultural communication and effective interactions.This type of care is a process that combines the elements of cultural awareness,cultural knowledge,cultural skills,cultural encounters (not cultural organizations),and cultural desire.

Question 14

Identification of a person according to genetic traits and physical characteristics is called:

Accepted Answer

Race describes a geographical or global population that is distinguished by its physical characteristics such as skin color,facial features,or genetic traits.Cultural ethnicity identifies an individual based upon racial,tribal,linguistic,religious,national,or cultural groups.Acculturation concerns the loss of cultural identity into the new or more dominant cultural group.

Question 15

Cultural beliefs are:

Accepted Answer

Cultural beliefs can be conscious or unconscious and can serve as points of reference to guide the outlook and decisions of individuals.They are neither hereditary nor genetic,but can be learned through association with family,relatives,and others.

Question 16

Registered nurses can be identified as a:

Accepted Answer

Smaller groups within a culture are called subcultures.Subcultures may consist of professional and occupational affiliates (nurses),nationality or race,age groups,gender,socioeconomic factors,political viewpoints,or sexual orientation.

Question 17

One way in which nurses can help marginalized groups is to facilitate problem-solving activities.Which problem-solving activity is not necessarily one of these activities for assisting marginalized groups?

Accepted Answer

Marginalized groups are those subcultures or people who have been separated from the mainstream.This may result in decreased access to health care and higher rates of mortality and morbidity.Some ways in which nurses can help these groups are by: increasing the health care knowledge of the community,seeking health care access,breaking down barriers and ensuring access to education and care (not breaking down barriers and traditions to Western medicine),and serving as role models for new nurses.

Question 18

A number of techniques that can facilitate multicultural communication have been identified.Which one of these would not facilitate multicultural communication?

Accepted Answer

Some techniques that may help to facilitate communication among multicultural workers include: 1)avoiding the use of slang terms,2)recognizing that each of your coworkers probably has an educational background in nursing that is different from yours,and 3)providing your coworkers with resources,such as written protocols and procedures to reinforce verbal communication.When providing constructive criticism,it is important to use "I" statements instead of "you" statements,remembering to praise your coworker's competency in technical skills,and inspiring self-confidence.

Question 19

There are a variety of different generations that make up the current workforce that nurse managers may have to supervise.Which of the following is not one of these generations?

Accepted Answer

Four distinct generations make up our current workforce.These generations are: 1)Traditionals (born before 1940),2)baby boomers (born between 1940 and 1960),3)Generation X or Gen Xers (born between 1960 and 1980),and 4)Generation Y or echo boomers / Millennial (born after 1980).

Question 20

Perceptions of the nurse's role in health care can vary according to culture.Of the important findings in a study of Philippine-American nurses by Spangler (1992),which of the following is not one of these?

Accepted Answer

Spangler's (1992)study of Philippine-American nurses revealed an overarching theme of care that prevailed in all dimensions of their work.Three ways in which this was shown were: 1)an expressed dedication to work,2)an attentiveness to the patient's physical comfort needs,and 3)through the respect and patience that was carried forth in their relationships with their patients.

Quiz 16: Culture, Generational Differences, and Spirituality

Individuals who function under a(n) ________ tend to believe that they have control over their environment; hence as nurses,they tend to feel it is their duty to diagnose disorders and do everything possible to save a patient's life.