Question 1

Identify the most sensitive, alternate nonparametric test for the following: t test for correlated groups, t test for independent groups, one-way, independent groups ANOVA.

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Question 2

What are the assumptions underlying the Kruskal-Wallis test?

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Question 3

What are the assumptions underlying the Wilcoxon signed ranks test?

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Question 4

One of the important assumptions underlying the use of parametric statistics is that the sample is randomly selected from a normally distributed population. Consider a sample of N = 500. A sample mean and standard deviation is calculated and we find that the following is true. Between the mean and - 1 s there are 150 scores. Between the mean and +1 s there are 130 scores. Between - 1 s and -2 s there are 70 scores. Between +1 s and +2 s there are 82 scores. Beyond +2 standard deviations are 30 scores. Beyond - 2 standard deviations are 38 scores.

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Question 5

Is it true that parametric tests are generally more powerful than nonparametric tests? If so, give two reasons why do we might choose to use a nonparametric test instead of a parametric test.

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Question 6

A social scientist wants to know if education and socioeconomic status (SES) are independent. He collects the following data.  What do you conclude using a = 0.05?

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Question 7

A designer of electronic equipment wants to develop a calculator which will have market appeal to high school students. Past marketing surveys have shown that the color of the numeric display is important in terms of market preference. The designer makes up 210 sample calculators and then has a random sample of students from the area high schools rate which calculator they prefer. The calculators are identical except for the color of the display. The results of the survey were that 96 students preferred red, 82 preferred blue, and 32 preferred green.

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Question 8

Define Wilcoxon matched pairs signed ranks test.

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Question 9

A family therapist in a hospital wanted to know if patients with a terminal illness wanted to be informed of their true medical condition. The therapist also wondered if a person age had an effect on their attitude. Because of ethical constraints the therapist asked a healthy sample of subjects who were visitors to the hospital whether they would wish to be told if they had a terminal illness. The age of the respondents was also recorded. The results are shown in the table below.

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Question 10

In analyzing the data from a two-way contingency table, involving variables A and B, what is the null hypothesis. Be specific using variables A and B, and the terms "proportions", frequency, and independent.

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Question 11

The section, "What Is The Truth-Statistics and Applied Social Research-Useful or Abuseful'?" p. 512, raises some important issues. After reading that section, please answer the following questions. 
a. Do you think it ethical if social scientists with strong political views go out deliberately and do research biasing their questionnaires so that data will confirm their political views? How do you justify your answer? 
b. If an organization conducts socially relevant research and the findings turn out to be against the interest of the organization, does the company have the moral obligation to inform the public? How do you justify for your answer? 
c. Do drug companies have an ethical responsibility to report the outcomes of experiments they fund involving their drugs when the outcomes show their product to be inferior or no better than competing drugs? How do you justify your answer?

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Question 12

When might we use a nonparametric test? Give an example?

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Question 13

What variable does the Mann-Whitney U test measure to determine if the IV has had a real effect? What is the relationship between this variable and the real effect of the IV that makes this variable legitimate to use?

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Question 14

What distinguishes parametric from nonparametric tests? Give some examples.

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Question 15

A neuropsychologist wants to determine if people who have a dominant right cerebral hemisphere differ from people with a dominant left cerebral hemisphere in their choice of either music or reading as a preferred activity. He surveyed 127 subjects with the following results.

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Question 16

What are the assumptions underlying the chi-square test?

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Question 17

Define observed frequency ( f_o ).

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Question 18

Consider the following table.  What is the appropriate statistical test to use to analyze this data if it were all nominal data.

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Question 19

What is a contingency table?

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Question 20

What are the assumptions underlying the Mann-Whitney U test?

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Quiz 17: Chi-Square and Other Nonparametric Tests