Question 1

What is the difference between bin directories and sbin directories?

Accepted Answer

The bin directory holds executables that are available to all users, while sbin holds system-related executables that require root access. This ensures that regular users do not accidentally or intentionally modify critical system files.

Question 2

Given the following directory structure, which commands would successfully remove the fubar directory?

Accepted Answer

The "-r" option allows the "rm" command to remove directories and their contents recursively. The "fubar" directory and all of its contents will be removed with this command. The other options will not work because "rmdir" only removes directories that are empty, and "rm" without the "-r" option only removes individual files.

Question 3

Who invented NFS?

Accepted Answer

NFS was invented by Sun Microsystems in 1984.

Question 4

In file globbing, which symbol matches any single character?

Accepted Answer

* matches any single character.

Question 5

Which if these is NOT true of symbolic, or soft, links?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which if these is NOT true of...

Question 6

The three special file modes are

Accepted Answer

The three special file modes are setuid, setgid, and sticky. These modes are used to give special permissions to files and directories. Setuid allows a user to execute a file as if they were the owner of the file, setgid allows a user to execute a file as if they were a member of the group that owns the file, and sticky ensures that only the owner of a file or directory can delete it. These modes are denoted by the letters u+s, g+s, and o+t respectively.

Question 7

The ps -ef command is from which UNIX variant?

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ps -ef command is from which...

Question 8

In regular expressions, three quantifier operators are

Accepted Answer

The three quantifier operators in regular expressions are *, ?, and +. 
* - Matches zero or more occurrences of the preceding expression.
? - Matches zero or one occurrence of the preceding expression.
+ - Matches one or more occurrences of the preceding expression. 
Therefore, option D is the correct answer.

Question 9

If the system is swapping, what can be done to alleviate the problem?

Accepted Answer

Swapping occurs when the system runs out of available physical memory and starts using the hard drive as temporary memory (pagefile). This slows down the system significantly. Adding more memory (RAM) can alleviate this problem by allowing the system to store more data in physical memory, reducing the need for swapping. Adding faster CPUs or more CPUs will not directly address the swapping issue. Adding a larger hard drive may provide more storage space but will not necessarily alleviate the swapping problem.

Question 10

What is the MBR?

Accepted Answer

MBR stands for Master Boot Record, which is a small program that is located at the beginning of a hard drive or other storage device. It contains information about the partitioning scheme of the drive and the location of the operating system's bootloader. The MBR is an essential part of the boot process for most operating systems.

Question 11

Which of the following filesystems are you most likely to see on a Linux system?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following filesystems are you...

Question 12

The three classes in the file mode are

Accepted Answer

The answer of The three classes in the file mode...

Question 13

When scripting in bash , it is recommended to always use which symbols around your variables to reference them?

Accepted Answer

" " are used to reference variables in bash scripting.

Question 14

Which commands can be used to copy a file locally?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which commands can be used to copy...

Question 15

Which of these shells are POSIX compliant?

Accepted Answer

Only ksh is POSIX compliant. Bash, csh, and zsh all have non-POSIX extensions.

Question 16

According to the UNIX design paradigm, what is a file?

Accepted Answer

In UNIX, everything is treated as a file, including directories, devices, and even processes. This is a core design philosophy of UNIX systems.

Question 17

Which of the following performance information is considered the most important information provided by the vmstat command?

Accepted Answer

The most important performance information provided by the vmstat command is memory swapping. This indicates whether the system is low on memory and needs to swap data to disk, which can severely impact performance. The other options (total memory, buffer activity, and disk I/O) are also important, but not as critical as memory swapping.

Question 18

How much swap space is available on Arista switches?

Accepted Answer

Arista switches typically have 0 bytes of swap space available, as they are designed to operate without relying on swap space for memory management.

Question 19

In /etc/shadow, what indicates a locked password?

Accepted Answer

An exclamation mark (!) at the beginning of the password field in /etc/shadow indicates that the password is locked.

Question 20

Which of the following interpreters are included on Arista switches?

Accepted Answer

Arista switches include Python as its interpreter.

Exam 2: Arista Linux Essentials Exam