Question 1

Which of the following statements, about the test reporting activities for a project adopting an iterative lifecycle model with very short iterations (e.g. two weeks iterations), is correct? Number of correct responses: 1
A) Test reporting activities can't be influenced by the use of an iterative lifecycle model with short iterations
B) Test reporting activities are not important for projects adopting an iterative lifecycle model with short iterations
C) Test reporting activities are less important for projects adopting an iterative life cycle model with short iterations. They should be performed at the end of the last iteration
D) Test reporting activities are still important with an iterative lifecycle. The reports can be used to conduct post-iteration review sessions before starting with the next iteration

Accepted Answer

Test reporting activities are still important with an iterative lifecycle model, even with short iterations. These reports can be used to conduct post-iteration review sessions before starting with the next iteration, helping to identify any areas of concern and adjust the testing approach for the next iteration. It is important to perform test reporting activities throughout the project, as waiting until the end of the last iteration may cause issues to be missed or not addressed in a timely manner.

Question 2

Which of the following statements describing the consequences of specifying test conditions at a detailed level is NOT true? Number of correct responses: 1
A) In an environment where the test basis is continuously changing, it is recommended to specify test conditions at a detailed level in order to achieve a better maintainability
B) The specification of test conditions at a detailed level can be effective when no formal requirements or other development work products are available
C) The specification of test conditions at a detailed level can require the implementation of an adequate level of formality across the team
D) For system testing, the specification of test conditions at a detailed level, carried out early in the project as soon as the test basis is established, can contribute to defect prevention

Accepted Answer

Specifying test conditions at a detailed level may not always result in better maintainability, especially if the test basis is continuously changing. This can lead to the need for constant updates to the detailed test conditions, which can become difficult to manage and maintain.

Question 3

The main objectives the senior management team wants to achieve are: - to reduce the costs associated with dynamic testing - to use reviews to ensure that the project is on course for success and following the plan - to use reviews as a well-documented and effective bug-removal activity following a formal process with well-defined roles - to determine the effectiveness of reviews in terms of phase containment - to improve phase containment effectiveness Which of the following answers would you expect to describe the best way to achieve these objectives? Number of correct responses: 1
A) You should plan for lightweight exit-phase reviews at the end of each development and testing phase, and plan for a process of gathering information from testing to perform an analysis aimed at identifying the larger cluster of defects
B) You should plan for formal exit-phase reviews at the end of each development and testing phase, and plan for a process of gathering information from testing to perform an analysis aimed at identifying the larger cluster of defects
C) You should plan for formal exit-phase reviews at the end of each development phase and testing phase, and plan for a process of gathering information from testing to perform an analysis of the bugs found during testing to determine the people responsible for those bugs
D) You should plan for formal exit-phase reviews at the end of each development and testing phase, and plan for a process of gathering information from testing to perform an analysis of the bugs found during testing to determine the phase in which they have been introduced

Accepted Answer

Formal exit-phase reviews and analyzing bugs to determine the phase they were introduced align with objectives of phase containment and effective bug removal.

Question 4

Consider an agile team adopting Extreme Programming (XP) with five developers and one tester without any coding experience. To which of the following activities would you expect the tester will contribute most? Number of correct responses: 1
A) Developing unit tests
B) Executing unit tests
C) Planning and executing tests during the integration test phase to detect interface defects
D) Supporting the customer in the execution of acceptance testing

Accepted Answer

The tester without coding experience would contribute most to supporting the customer in the execution of acceptance testing, as this does not require coding skills and focuses on validating the system against customer requirements.

Question 5

For which of the following activities would the costs be classified as a cost of detection? Number of correct responses: 1
A) Writing test specifications according to the test design
B) Training developers to better understand the new features of the coding language they will use on the project
C) Re-running a test case, during the system testing phase, to verify that a fix eliminates a previously found defect
D) Fixing field failures

Accepted Answer

The answer of For which of the following activities would...

Question 6

After the presentation, you are asked to explain the chart. Assume you have applied a full risk-based testing strategy.  Which of the following answers would you expect to best describe the pie chart? Number of correct responses: 1
A) All the risk items have been covered with tests. No more risk items remain to test
B) According to the full risk-based testing strategy applied, it is very likely that the highest-risk items, tests and bugs remain in the blue and red areas. Therefore, it is very risky to release the application
C) Only the lowest-risk items, tests and bugs should remain in the blue and red areas. Therefore the application can be released at any time subject to management of the items identified in those areas
D) 97 percent of the risk items has been tested. No open bugs or test failures remain. Only 3 percent of risk items remains to be covered by the remaining test

Accepted Answer

The answer of After the presentation, you are asked to...

Question 7

The following are the requirements identified as "critical": REQ-SEL-001. The user shall be able to combine all the three products with all the four durations to define an item to purchase REQ-SEL-002. The user shall be able to add a maximum of six different items to the shopping cart REQ-PUR-001. The user shall be able to purchase all the items in the shopping cart using a credit voucher REQ-PUR-002. The user shall be able to purchase all the items in the shopping cart using the available credit already charged on the smartcard REQ-PUR-003. The user shall be able to purchase all the items in the shopping cart using all the accepted credit cards (Visa, MasterCard and Great Wall Card) REG-LOGO-001. The user shall be able to logout (by clicking the logout button) from both the "select" and "purchase" pages going back to the "browse" page (anonymous navigation) Moreover the following quality risk item has been identified as "critical": QR-P1. The web customer portal might not be able to provide the expected response time (less than 10 sec) for the purchase transactions under a load of up-to 1000 concurrent users Test analysis for system testing has just begun and the following test conditions have been identified: TC-SEL-01. Test the combinations of products and durations to define an item to purchase TC-SEL-02. Test the maximum number of items, which can be added to the shopping cart TC-PUR-01. Test the purchase of an item TC-PUR-02. Test the purchase of an item with the credit charged on the smartcard Assume that you have used traceability to determine the logical test cases that cover all the requirements and the single risk item identified in that scenario. Which of the following is a positive logical test that is complete, is correct, and covers the REG-LOGO-001 requirement? Number of correct responses: 1
A) On the purchase page ("purchase state"), click the logout button; verify that the browse page ("browse state") is displayed
B) On the select page ("select state"), click the logout button
C) On the purchase page ("purchase state"), click the logout button; verify that the "Impossible to logout - complete or cancel the current transaction" message is displayed
D) On the browse page ("browse state"), click the logout button

Accepted Answer

This test condition verifies that the user is able to logout from the select and purchase pages and return to the browse page, as required by REQ-LOGO-001. It is a positive test that covers the requirement completely and correctly. Choice B and D are not complete because they do not cover the requirement to verify that the user is returned to the browse page. Choice C is incorrect because it tests for an error message that is not specified in the requirements.

Question 8

The following are the exit criteria described in the test plan of a software product: EX1. The test suite for the product must ensure that at least each quality risk item is covered by at least one test case (a quality risk item can be covered by more test cases). EX2. All test cases in the test suite must be run during the execution phase. EX3. Defects are classified into two categories: "C" (critical defect) and "NC" (non-critical defect). No known C defects shall exist in the product at the end of the test execution phase. Which of the following information is useless when the specified exit criteria is evaluated? Number of correct responses: 1
A) A traceability matrix showing the relationships between the product risk items and the test cases
B) A list of all the open defects with the associated classification information extracted from the defect tracking system
C) A chart, showing the trend in the lag time from defect reporting to resolution, extracted from the defect tracking system
D) The execution status of all the test cases extracted from the test management tool

Accepted Answer

The trend in lag time from defect reporting to resolution does not affect any of the exit criteria listed in the test plan, as it does not relate to the coverage of quality risk items or the presence of critical defects. The traceability matrix, list of open defects, and execution status of test cases are all relevant to evaluating the specified exit criteria.

Question 9

You are following a risk-based testing strategy. The test execution time is very limited. Assume that all the product risk items require more or less the same level of test effort.  Which of the following answers describes the best execution schedule in this scenario? Number of correct responses: 1
A) 1- Test the acceptance of transactions coming from the IVR channel 2- Test the correct charge of the Smart Card with the required contents 3- Test the correct pre-activation of the Smart Card 4- Test the correct activation of the Smart Card
B) 1- Test the correct pre-activation of the Smart Card 3- Test the correct activation of the Smart Card 4- Test the acceptance of transactions coming from the IVR channel
C) 1- Test the correct activation of the Smart Card 2- Test the correct pre-activation of the Smart Card 3- Test the correct charge of the Smart Card with the required contents
D) 2- Test the correct activation of the Smart Card

Accepted Answer

The answer of You are following a risk-based testing strategy....

Question 10

You are the Test Manager of a new project that will have three formal levels of testing: unit, integration and system testing. The testing strategy you decide to adopt a blend of risk-based testing and reactive testing strategies. Which of the following answers describes the most consistent example of implementation of this test strategy during the execution of the system tests? Number of correct responses: 1
A) Your test team executes exploratory tests following a session-based test management approach throughout the system test phase
B) Your test team executes system tests under the guidance of a sample of users throughout the system test phase
C) Your test team executes scripted tests designed and implemented before the execution of the system test phase, to cover the identified product risks. It also performs exploratory testing sessions throughout the system test phase
D) Your test team autonomously performs some exploratory testing sessions and, at the very end of the system testing phase, it also executes more system tests under the guidance of a sample of users

Accepted Answer

The chosen testing strategy is a combination of risk-based and reactive testing, which means that the testing team will focus on the identified product risks, but also allow for flexibility and reacting to any unexpected issues that may arise during testing. Option C best represents this strategy as it includes both scripted tests designed to cover identified risks, as well as exploratory testing sessions to allow for flexibility and reactiveness. Option A and D both include exploratory testing, but do not specifically mention any scripted tests or risk coverage. Option B does not align with the chosen strategy as it focuses only on user guidance, rather than product risks or reactiveness.

Question 11

Assume that no additional product risks have been identified during the first week of test execution.   Which of the following answers would you expect to best describe the residual risks associated with the identified product risks, at the end of the first week of test execution? Number of correct responses: 1
A) Since R3 is the only risk for which all test cases have passed, the risk has been reduced by 20%
B) The test execution status table indicates that the risk has been reduced by 56%
C) The residual risk level can't be determined, because it requires that all the test cases have been executed
D) The test execution table doesn't give an indication of the risk level of the open defects and the test cases that failed or are not run yet

Accepted Answer

The test execution table only shows the current status of the tests and defects. It does not provide an overall indication of the residual risk level as it is affected by the severity of the defects, the number of test cases executed, and other factors that may impact the product's final state. Therefore, option D is the best choice.

Question 12

You are the Test Manager of a project that adopts a V-model with four formal levels of testing: unit, integration, system and acceptance testing. On this project reviews have been conducted for each development phase prior to testing, which is to say that reviews of requirements, functional specification, high-level design, low-level design and code have been performed prior to testing. Assume that no requirements defects have been reported after the release of the product. Which TWO of the following metrics do you need in order to evaluate the requirements reviews in terms of phase containment effectiveness? Number of correct responses: 2
A) Number of defects found during the requirements review
B) Total number of defects attributable to requirements found during unit, integration, system and acceptance testing
C) Total number of defects found during functional specification review, high-level design review, low-level design review, code review, unit testing, integration testing, system testing and acceptance testing
D) Time to conduct the requirements review
E) Total number of defects attributable to requirements, found during functional specification review, high-level design review, low-level design review, code review, unit testing, integration testing, system testing and acceptance testing

Accepted Answer

The number of defects found during the requirements review (A) and the total number of defects attributable to requirements found during unit, integration, system and acceptance testing (E) are both necessary to evaluate the requirements reviews in terms of phase containment effectiveness.

Question 13

The following chart plots the cumulative number of defects opened against the cumulative number of defects closed during system testing of a software product.  Which of the following statements is true? Number of correct responses: 1
A) The chart indicates that you have plenty of problems left to find
B) The chart can be used to reveal test progress problems
C) The chart seems to indicate that the defect management process is not working well
D) The chart seems to indicate that the defect management process is working well

Accepted Answer

The answer of The following chart plots the cumulative number...

Question 14

Which of the following statements represents the most effective contribution of the stakeholders to the completion of the failure mode analysis table? Number of correct responses: 1
A) The aircraft pilot and the customer representative should contribute to assess the detection. The chief software engineer, the system architect and the expert tester should contribute to assess the priority.
B) The aircraft pilot and the customer representative should contribute to assess the priority. The chief software engineer, the system architect and the expert tester should contribute to assess the detection.
C) The system architect and the chief software engineer should contribute to assess the priority. The expert tester is the only one who should contribute to assess the detection.
D) The aircraft pilot is the only one qualified to contribute to assess the priority and thus should be assigned this task. The customer representative should contribute to assess the detection.

Accepted Answer

The aircraft pilot and the customer representative should bring their expertise to assess the priority of the failure modes, while the chief software engineer, the system architect, and the expert tester should contribute to assess the detection of the failure modes. This ensures a comprehensive analysis of both aspects of failure mode analysis. Option B correctly reflects this approach.

Question 15

Assume you are working on a defect management process to be used by a software organization to track the current status of the defects reports for several projects. When a defect is found for investigation a defect report is created in "Opened" state that is the unique initial state. The defect report status has also a unique finale state that is the "Closed" state. The following state transition diagram describes the states of this defect management process:  where only the initial ("Opened") and final ("Closed") states are indicated while the remaining states (V, W, X, Y, Z) have yet to be named. Which of the following assignments would you expect to best complete the defect management process? Number of correct responses: 1
A) V=Rejected , W=Corrected , X=Validated, Y=Re-Opened, Z=Assigned
B) V=Assigned, W=Validated , X=Corrected, Y=Re-Opened, Z=Rejected
C) V=Assigned, W=Corrected , X=Validated, Y=Re-Opened, Z=Rejected
D) V= Corrected, W=Assigned, X=Validated, Y=Corrected, Z=Rejected

Accepted Answer

Based on the state transition diagram, the defect management process starts with "Opened" state and ends with "Closed" state. The states between them should reflect the various stages of the defect resolution process. 
In the given options, option C has the most appropriate states with their assignments. "Assigned" state is when the defect report is assigned to a developer for resolution. "Corrected" state is when the developer has corrected the defect. "Validated" state is when the fix is verified by a tester. "Re-Opened" state is when the defect has resurfaced after being closed. "Rejected" state is when the defect is not considered as a defect or there is no plan to address it. Therefore, option C is the best choice.

Question 16

Which of the following information would you expect to be the most useful to perform a defect clustering analysis? Number of correct responses: 1
A) The trend in the lag time from defect reporting to resolution
B) The defect component information
C) The lifecycle phase in which the defect has been introduced
D) The defect removal efficiency information

Accepted Answer

Defect component information is the most useful in performing a defect clustering analysis as it helps identify components with higher defect density, which can lead to targeted testing and improved efficiency in defect resolution. The other options may also provide useful information but are not directly related to identifying clusters of defects.

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of the test closure activity indicated as "lessons learned"? Number of correct responses: 1
A) Archive all the test results of the acceptance testing phase
B) Deliver a list of the open defects of a software product released into production to the service desk team
C) Participate in a meeting at the end of a project aimed at better managing the events and problems of future projects
D) Deliver an automated regression test suite, used during the system test phase of a software product released into production, to the team responsible for maintenance testing

Accepted Answer

Lessons learned is a test closure activity that involves having a meeting or session at the end of a project to review what went well and what could be improved upon in future projects. Option A is archiving test results, which is part of test closure but not specifically related to lessons learned. Option B is delivering open defects to the service desk team, which is part of defect reporting and not specifically related to lessons learned. Option D is delivering an automated regression test suite, which is part of test automation and not specifically related to lessons learned.

Question 18

Which of the following factors could negatively influence a review? Number of correct responses: 1
A) Include people with the adequate level of knowledge, both technical and procedural
B) Include people who are detail-oriented and scrupulous at finding issues
C) Include as many people as possible in order to have more viewpoints about possible problems on the item under review
D) Include people able to contribute to a clear, thoughtful, constructive and objective discussion

Accepted Answer

Including too many people can lead to conflicting opinions and slow down the review process. It may also be difficult to manage the review and ensure everyone's contributions are heard. Too many viewpoints can also obscure the main issues that need to be addressed.

Question 19

Consider a defect report and assume that a part of its lifecycle includes the following states: New: Is the initial state Working: Means that the developers are addressing the defect in order to produce a fix for the defect Clarification: Means that the developers need more information from the tester to address the defect and produce a fix for the defect and the tester is working to provide this information to the developers Verification: Means that a fix for the defect has been produced and the tester is running the adequate tests to verify whether the fix solves the defect Closed: is the final state Which of the following answers represents an invalid sequence of states that can't lead the bug report to the "Closed" state? Number of correct responses: 1
A) New, Working, Verification, Working, Clarification, Working, Verification, Closed
B) New, Working, Clarification, Working, Verification, Closed
C) New, Working, Verification, Working, Clarification, Working, Closed
D) New, Working, Verification, Closed

Accepted Answer

The sequence "New, Working, Verification, Working, Clarification, Working, Closed" is invalid because once a defect is in the "Verification" state, it should either move to "Closed" if the fix is successful or back to "Working" if the fix fails, not to "Clarification".

Question 20

Which of the following statements about the STEP test process improvement model is true? Number of correct responses: 1
A) In the STEP model, tests validate the requirements and use cases when they are developed
B) The STEP model stresses defect detection and demonstration of capability, whereas the defect prevention is a secondary potential goal of testing
C) The STEP model assures that the system requirements specification and the test design specification processes don't overlap
D) In the STEP model, testware design occurs after coding

Accepted Answer

The STEP model emphasizes the validation of requirements and use cases during their development, which is reflected in statement A. Statement B is incorrect because the STEP model stresses defect prevention over detection, and statement C is incorrect because the model encourages collaboration between the system requirements specification and the test design specification processes. Statement D is also incorrect because the STEP model emphasizes building testware before coding to ensure that tests are developed concurrently with the software being developed.

Exam 6: ISTQB-BCS Certified Tester Advanced Level- Test Manager (2012)

Which of the following statements, about the test reporting activities for a project adopting an iterative lifecycle model with very short iterations (e.g. two weeks iterations) , is correct? Number of correct responses: 1

Which of the following statements describing the consequences of specifying test conditions at a detailed level is NOT true? Number of correct responses: 1

Consider an agile team adopting Extreme Programming (XP) with five developers and one tester without any coding experience. To which of the following activities would you expect the tester will contribute most? Number of correct responses: 1

For which of the following activities would the costs be classified as a cost of detection? Number of correct responses: 1

After the presentation, you are asked to explain the chart. Assume you have applied a full risk-based testing strategy. Which of the following answers would you expect to best describe the pie chart? Number of correct responses: 1

You are following a risk-based testing strategy. The test execution time is very limited. Assume that all the product risk items require more or less the same level of test effort. Which of the following answers describes the best execution schedule in this scenario? Number of correct responses: 1

The following chart plots the cumulative number of defects opened against the cumulative number of defects closed during system testing of a software product. Which of the following statements is true? Number of correct responses: 1

Which of the following statements represents the most effective contribution of the stakeholders to the completion of the failure mode analysis table? Number of correct responses: 1

Which of the following information would you expect to be the most useful to perform a defect clustering analysis? Number of correct responses: 1

Which of the following is an example of the test closure activity indicated as "lessons learned"? Number of correct responses: 1

Which of the following factors could negatively influence a review? Number of correct responses: 1

Which of the following statements about the STEP test process improvement model is true? Number of correct responses: 1