Question 1

What output will the command seq 10 produce?
A) A continuous stream of numbers increasing in increments of 10 until stopped.
B) The numbers 1 through 10 with one number per line.
C) The numbers 0 through 9 with one number per line.
D) The number 10 to standard output.

Accepted Answer

The `seq 10` command outputs the numbers 1 through 10, each on a new line.

Question 2

What is the purpose of the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard?
A) It is a security model used to ensure files are organized according to their permissions and accessibility.
B) It provides unified tools to create, maintain and manage multiple filesystems in a common way.
C) It defines a common internal structure of inodes for all compliant filesystems.
D) It is a distribution neutral description of locations of files and directories.

Accepted Answer

The Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS) is a standard that defines the directory structure and directory contents in Unix and Unix-like operating systems, providing a distribution-neutral description of locations of files and directories.

Question 3

Which of the following Linux filesystems preallocates a fixed number of inodes at the filesystem's make/creation time and does NOT generate them as needed? (Choose TWO correct choices.)
A) ext3
B) JFS
C) ext2
D) XFS
E) procfs

Accepted Answer

ext2 and ext3 preallocate a fixed number of inodes at the filesystem's make/creation time and do not generate them as needed.

Question 4

What output will the following command sequence produce?     echo '1 2 3 4 5 6' | while read a b c; do         echo result: $c $b $a;     done
A) result: 3 4 5 6 2 1
B) result: 1 2 3 4 5 6
C) result: 6 5 4
D) result: 6 5 4 3 2 1
E) result: 3 2 1

Accepted Answer

The while loop reads three variables at a time from the input, and then prints them in reverse order.

Question 5

Which of the following pieces of information of an existing file is changed when a hard link pointing to that file is created?
A) File size
B) Modify timestamp
C) Link count
D) Inode number
E) Permissions

Accepted Answer

Creating a hard link increases the link count of the file, as it adds another directory entry pointing to the same inode.

Question 6

Which utility would be used to change how often a filesystem check is performed on an ext2 filesystem without losing any data stored on that filesystem?
A) mod2fs
B) fsck
C) tune2fs
D) mke2fs
E) fixe2fs

Accepted Answer

The `tune2fs` utility is used to adjust tunable filesystem parameters on ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystems, including the frequency of filesystem checks, without affecting the data stored on the filesystem.

Question 7

Which of the following commands creates an ext3 filesystem on /dev/sdb1? (Choose TWO correct choices.)
A) /sbin/mke2fs -j /dev/sdb1
B) /sbin/mkfs -t ext3 /dev/sdb1
C) /sbin/mkfs -c ext3 /dev/sdb1
D) /sbin/mke3fs -j /dev/sdb1

Accepted Answer

The command `/sbin/mke2fs -j /dev/sdb1` uses the `-j` option to create an ext3 filesystem by adding a journal to an ext2 filesystem. The command `/sbin/mkfs -t ext3 /dev/sdb1` directly specifies the ext3 filesystem type.

Question 8

After running the command umount /mnt, the following error message is displayed: umount: /mnt: device is busy. What is a common reason for this message?
A) The kernel has not finished flushing disk writes to the mounted device.
B) A user has a file open in the /mnt directory.
C) Another file system still contains a symlink to a file inside /mnt.
D) The files in /mnt have been scanned and added to the locate database.
E) The kernel thinks that a process is about to open a file in /mnt for reading.

Accepted Answer

A common reason for the "device is busy" error when trying to unmount a filesystem is that a file within the directory is currently open by a user or a process.

Question 9

Which of the following commands set the sticky bit for the directory /tmp? (Choose TWO correct choices.)
A) chmod +s /tmp
B) chmod +t /tmp
C) chmod 1775 /tmp
D) chmod 4775 /tmp
E) chmod 2775 /tmp

Accepted Answer

The sticky bit can be set using either the symbolic mode with "+t" or the numeric mode with "1" as the leading digit, as in "1775".

Question 10

What do the permissions -rwSr-xr-x mean for a binary file when it is executed as a command?
A) The command is SetUID and it will be executed with the effective rights of the owner.
B) The command will be executed with the effective rights of the group instead of the owner.
C) The execute flag is not set for the owner. Therefore the SetUID flag is ignored.
D) The command will be executed with the effective rights of the owner and group.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What do the permissions -rwSr-xr-x mean for...

Question 11

Instead of supplying an explicit device in /etc/fstab for mounting, what other options may be used to identify the intended partition? (Choose TWO correct choices.)
A) FIND
B) ID
C) LABEL
D) NAME
E) UUID

Accepted Answer

LABEL and UUID are used in /etc/fstab to identify partitions. LABEL refers to the filesystem label, and UUID is the universally unique identifier assigned to the filesystem.

Question 12

After issuing: function myfunction { echo $1 $2 ; } in Bash, which output does: myfunction A B C Produce?
A) A B
B) A B C
C) A C
D) B C
E) C B A

Accepted Answer

myfunction is a function that takes two arguments, $1 and $2. When called with three arguments, $3 is ignored. So, myfunction A B C produces A B.

Question 13

What does the command mount -a do?
A) It mounts all available filesystems onto the current directory.
B) It shows all mounted filesystems.
C) It mounts all user mountable filesystems for the current user.
D) It mounts all filesystems listed in /etc/fstab which have the option auto set.
E) It mounts all filesystems listed in /etc/fstab which have the option noauto set.

Accepted Answer

The command `mount -a` mounts all filesystems listed in `/etc/fstab` that have the `auto` option set, allowing them to be automatically mounted.

Question 14

Which of the following files, when existing, affect the behavior of the Bash shell? (Choose TWO correct choices.)
A) ~/.bashconf
B) ~/.bashrc
C) ~/.bashdefaults
D) ~/.bash_etc
E) ~/.bash_profile

Accepted Answer

~/.bashrc and ~/.bash_profile are two files that affect the behavior of the Bash shell when they exist. ~/.bashrc is a file that contains shell commands that are executed every time a new interactive shell is started. ~/.bash_profile is a file that contains shell commands that are executed when a new login shell is started.

Question 15

What is the difference between the commands test -e path and test -f path?
A) They are equivalent options with the same behavior.
B) The -f option tests for a regular file.  The -e option tests for an empty file.
C) Both options check the existence of the path.  The -f option also confirms that it is a regular file.
D) The -f option tests for a regular file.  The -e option tests for an executable file.

Accepted Answer

The command `test -e path` checks if the path exists, regardless of the type of file, while `test -f path` checks if the path exists and is a regular file.

Question 16

Which of the following commands will change the quota for a specific user?
A) edquota
B) repquota
C) quota -e
D) quota

Accepted Answer

The `edquota` command is used to edit the disk quotas for a specific user, allowing you to change their quota settings.

Question 17

Creating a hard link to an ordinary file returns an error. What could be the reason for this?
A) The source file is hidden.
B) The source file is read-only.
C) The source file is a shell script.
D) The source file is already a hard link.
E) The source and the target are on different filesystems.

Accepted Answer

Hard links cannot be created across different filesystems.

Question 18

Which of the following commands puts the output of the command date into the shell variable mydate?
A) mydate="$(date)"
B) mydate="exec date"
C) mydate="$((date))"
D) mydate="date"
E) mydate="${date}"

Accepted Answer

The command `mydate="$(date)"` captures the output of the `date` command and assigns it to the shell variable `mydate`.

Question 19

When the command echo $ outputs 1, which of the following statements is true?
A) It is the process ID of the echo command.
B) It is the process ID of the current shell.
C) It is the exit value of the command executed immediately before echo.
D) It is the exit value of the echo command.

Accepted Answer

The command `echo $?` outputs the exit status of the last executed command before `echo`. If it outputs 1, it means the previous command failed with an exit status of 1.

Question 20

How many fields are in a syntactically correct line of /etc/fstab?
A) 3
B) 4
C) 5
D) 6
E) 7

Accepted Answer

A syntactically correct line in /etc/fstab contains 6 fields: the device, the mount point, the filesystem type, the mount options, the dump option, and the pass option.

Exam 1: Linux Foundation Certified System Administrator

What output will the command seq 10 produce?

What is the purpose of the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard?

Which of the following Linux filesystems preallocates a fixed number of inodes at the filesystem's make/creation time and does NOT generate them as needed? (Choose TWO correct choices.)

What output will the following command sequence produce? echo '1 2 3 4 5 6' | while read a b c; do echo result: $c $b $a; done

Which of the following pieces of information of an existing file is changed when a hard link pointing to that file is created?

Which utility would be used to change how often a filesystem check is performed on an ext2 filesystem without losing any data stored on that filesystem?

Which of the following commands creates an ext3 filesystem on /dev/sdb1? (Choose TWO correct choices.)

After running the command umount /mnt, the following error message is displayed: umount: /mnt: device is busy. What is a common reason for this message?

Which of the following commands set the sticky bit for the directory /tmp? (Choose TWO correct choices.)

What do the permissions -rwSr-xr-x mean for a binary file when it is executed as a command?

Instead of supplying an explicit device in /etc/fstab for mounting, what other options may be used to identify the intended partition? (Choose TWO correct choices.)

After issuing: function myfunction { echo $1 $2 ; } in Bash, which output does: myfunction A B C Produce?

What does the command mount -a do?

Which of the following files, when existing, affect the behavior of the Bash shell? (Choose TWO correct choices.)

What is the difference between the commands test -e path and test -f path?

Which of the following commands will change the quota for a specific user?

Creating a hard link to an ordinary file returns an error. What could be the reason for this?

Which of the following commands puts the output of the command date into the shell variable mydate?

When the command echo $ outputs 1, which of the following statements is true?

How many fields are in a syntactically correct line of /etc/fstab?