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Osteoporosis is a degenerative bone condition in which healthy bone degenerates into porous bone. Because bone provides the structural integrity that allows the musculoskeletal system to bear weight, osteoporosis is associated with a higher risk of bone fracture.Researchers conducted an experiment designed to assess the strength and elasticity of osteoporotic bone relative to normal bone. Osteoporotic and normal bone samples with identical physical dimensions were collected and placed within an pneumatic compression device, as shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1 Bone compression device loaded with a bone sampleThe force required to compress the bone samples longitudinally (lengthwise) by a given distance was measured, with the results shown in Figure 2.
Figure 2 Relationship between force and compression for normal and osteoporotic bonesResearchers observed that bone samples returned to their original dimensions for deformations not exceeding 1% of the original length L0. For each deformation, the associated strain ε is defined as the change in length of an object ΔL divided by the object's original length (Equation 1) .
Equation 1Based on these observations, researchers concluded that both osteoporotic bone and normal bone behaved as an elastic material under a wide range of applied forces.
-According to the data in Figure 2, what is the spring constant k for normal bone?
A) 7.5 kN/mm
B) 10 kN/mm
C) 30 kN/mm
D) 40 kN/mm
Correct Answer:
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