The nurse is reviewing the plan of care for a 4-year-old client who will receive daily dressing changes for an infected leg wound. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the plan of care for a preschool-age child? Select all that apply.

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Planning care during pediatric hospitalization requires the nurse to consider the child's stage of psychosocial and cognitive development. For the preschool-age child (3-5 years), developing a sense of initiative (ie, start and accomplish tasks, learn new things) is a primary psychosocial need, and cognitive development is marked by preoperational thinking (ie, egocentrism, poor causality, continuing language development). During preprocedural education, the nurse should: Promote a sense of security and reduce fear by allowing the parents to stay with the child during the procedure (Option A) Address misconceptions related to preoperational thinking (ie, state that the procedure is not punishment for misbehavior) (Option B) Foster initiative by encouraging the child to ask questions, voice concerns, and participate during dressing changes (Option C) Enhance the child's learning ability and confirm the child's understanding of the procedure by allowing the child to imitate the procedure using a doll or toy equipment (Option D) (Option E) Peer support from other clients undergoing similar procedures is a coping technique that is more appropriate for adolescents. Educational objective: Interventions that meet the psychosocial (ie, sense of initiative) and cognitive (ie, preoperational thinking) needs of preschool-age children during preprocedural education include allowing parents to remain with the client during the procedure, emphasizing that the procedure is not punishment, encouraging the child to ask questions, and utilizing toys to communicate about the procedure.

The Nurse Is Reviewing the Plan of Care for a 4-Year-Old