The nurse assesses a pediatric client who was diagnosed with diarrhea caused by Escherichia coli. The nurse is most concerned with which finding?

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Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is a life-threatening complication of Escherichia coli diarrhea and results in red cell hemolysis, low platelets, and acute kidney injury. Hemolysis results in anemia, and low platelets manifest as petechiae or purpura. Therefore, the presence of petechiae in this client could indicate underlying HUS and needs further assessment. (Option A) E coli bacteria infect people through contaminated food or water and attack the digestive system. Blood-streaked stool due to intestinal irritation is a common symptom associated with this illness. Treatment is aimed at preventing dehydration, and clients usually improve in about a week. (Option B) Fruit juices are discouraged in acute diarrhea as they have high sugar (osmolality) and low electrolyte content. Continuing the client's normal diet (solid foods) is encouraged as it shortens the duration and severity of the diarrhea. (Option C) Dry mucous membranes are a sign of dehydration, a common complication of any persistent diarrhea. Dehydration should be treated promptly, especially in children; however, as long as fluid is replenished, the condition is not life-threatening. Educational objective: Hemolytic uremic syndrome is a life-threatening complication of Escherichia coli diarrhea. Clinical features include anemia (pallor), low platelets (petechiae and purpura), and acute kidney injury (low urine output).

The Nurse Assesses a Pediatric Client Who Was Diagnosed with Diarrhea