When training his students to use introspection as a research method, Titchener cautioned them not to confuse what was being observed with the basic elements of that stimulus. He referred to this mistake as the

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Titchener referred to the mistake of confusing what was being observed with the basic elements of that stimulus as the "stimulus error." This concept was central to his structuralist approach, emphasizing the importance of analyzing conscious experiences into their basic components without conflating them with the physical stimuli that provoked them.

When Training His Students to Use Introspection as a Research