Question 1

Which of the following drugs is a known nephrotoxin?

Accepted Answer

Garamycin, also known as gentamicin, is an aminoglycoside antibiotic that is known to be nephrotoxic, meaning it can cause damage to the kidneys.

Question 2

Which drug should not be given simultaneously with calcium carbonate, a divalent cation?

Accepted Answer

Levaquin (levofloxacin) is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic that can form chelates with divalent cations like calcium, reducing its absorption and effectiveness.

Question 3

Which drug should not be given to a patient with a sulfonamide allergy?

Accepted Answer

Septra contains sulfamethoxazole, which is a sulfonamide, and should not be given to patients with a sulfonamide allergy.

Question 4

Of the below antibiotics, which of the following has activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa?

Accepted Answer

Maxipime (cefepime) is a fourth-generation cephalosporin antibiotic that is effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Question 5

Which of these antibiotics cannot be used in the treatment of pneumonia?

Accepted Answer

Daptomycin is not used for pneumonia because it is inactivated by pulmonary surfactant.

Question 6

Which antifungal is a nephrotoxin?

Accepted Answer

Amphotericin B is known to be nephrotoxic, meaning it can cause damage to the kidneys.

Question 7

Which of the following drugs is used to treat hepatitis C virus?

Accepted Answer

Harvoni is a combination drug used to treat hepatitis C virus.

Question 8

Which of the following drugs is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor?

Accepted Answer

Sustiva (efavirenz) is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) used in the treatment of HIV.

Question 9

Coadministration of omeprazole is contraindicated with which of the following antiretroviral drugs?

Accepted Answer

Rilpivirine requires an acidic gastric environment for optimal absorption, and omeprazole, a proton pump inhibitor, can significantly reduce its absorption, leading to decreased efficacy.

Question 10

Which of the following drugs is associated with causing vivid dreams, confusion, and other CNS effects?

Accepted Answer

Efavirenz is an antiretroviral drug that is associated with causing vivid dreams, confusion, and other CNS effects.

Question 11

Which of the following drugs is used for infections caused by Clostridium difficile?

Accepted Answer

Metronidazole and oral Vancomycin are both used to treat Clostridium difficile infections. Intravenous Vancomycin is not effective for this purpose because it does not reach the gut where the infection occurs.

Question 12

Which of the following drugs can only be used for uncomplicated cystitis?

Accepted Answer

Macrobid (nitrofurantoin) is specifically used for uncomplicated urinary tract infections like cystitis and is not effective for other types of infections.

Question 13

Which of the following drugs is/are commonly used to pharmacokinetically "boost" other antiretroviral drugs?

Accepted Answer

Ritonavir and Cobicistat are used to boost the effectiveness of other antiretroviral drugs by inhibiting enzymes that metabolize these drugs, thereby increasing their concentration and effectiveness. Atazanavir is not used as a booster.

Question 14

Which of the following antiretroviral drugs has the least drug interactions?

Accepted Answer

Isentress (raltegravir) is an integrase inhibitor and is known for having fewer drug interactions compared to protease inhibitors like Kaletra, Prezista, and Reyataz.

Question 15

Which of the following drugs is used to treat Pneumocystis pneumonia?

Accepted Answer

Bactrim, which contains sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim, is commonly used to treat Pneumocystis pneumonia.

Question 16

Which of the following drugs may significantly increase the INR in patients on warfarin?

Accepted Answer

Metronidazole is known to inhibit the metabolism of warfarin, leading to an increased INR and risk of bleeding.

Question 17

Patients should be counseled that their urine, tears, and other secretions may appear orange-red when taking:

Accepted Answer

Rifampin is known to cause orange-red discoloration of bodily fluids such as urine, tears, and sweat.

Question 18

Pyridoxine is frequently coadministered with __________ to prevent peripheral neuropathy.

Accepted Answer

Pyridoxine is frequently coadministered with isoniazid to prevent peripheral neuropathy.

Question 19

Which of the following drugs is used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by anaerobes?

Accepted Answer

Flagyl (metronidazole) is an antibiotic that is effective against anaerobic bacteria and certain parasites.

Question 20

Which of the following antiretroviral drugs is associated with severe hypersensitivity reactions that can be predicted by genetic testing?

Accepted Answer

Abacavir is associated with severe hypersensitivity reactions that can be predicted by genetic testing.

Quiz 3: Anti-Infective Agents