Question 1

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease may be caused by

Accepted Answer

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) can be caused by chronic obstructive bronchitis or emphysema or both. Chronic obstructive bronchitis involves inflamed bronchial tubes with mucus build-up, while emphysema involves damage to the air sacs and small airways in the lungs. Both conditions can lead to airflow limitation and contribute to the development of COPD.

Question 2

Chest radiography is the imaging modality of choice for the evaluation of
1)bronchial adenoma.
2)hyaline membrane disease.
3)pneumoconiosis.

Accepted Answer

Chest radiography is the primary imaging modality for evaluating hyaline membrane disease (a condition primarily seen in premature infants involving respiratory distress) and pneumoconiosis (lung diseases caused by the inhalation of different forms of dust). Bronchial adenoma, however, is better evaluated with more detailed imaging techniques such as CT or MRI for precise localization and characterization.

Question 3

Which of the pathologies listed below is the most common fatal primary malignancy in the United States, accounting for over 90% of all lung tumors?

Accepted Answer

Bronchogenic carcinoma, also known as lung cancer, is the most common fatal primary malignancy in the United States, accounting for over 90% of all lung tumors. Bronchial carcinoid tumors are rare and make up less than 5% of lung tumors. Hematogenous and lymphogenous metastasis lung diseases are not primary malignancies and do not account for the majority of lung tumors.

Question 4

Which of the following pathologies of the respiratory system are classified as additive pathologies?
1)Cystic fibrosis
2)Emphysema
3)Pleural effusion

Accepted Answer

Cystic fibrosis and pleural effusion are classified as additive pathologies because they add substance (mucus or fluid) to the lungs, making it harder for oxygen to pass through. Emphysema, on the other hand, is a destructive pathology that reduces the elasticity of the lungs, making it harder to exhale air.

Question 5

Cystic fibrosis is classified as a(n)_____ disease.

Accepted Answer

Cystic fibrosis is caused by a mutation in the CFTR gene, which is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. This means that the disease is caused by a genetic mutation and is therefore classified as a genetic disease.

Question 6

The current standard of care when a pulmonary embolus is suspected is a
1)PA and lateral chest radiograph.
2)thoracic computed tomographic angiogram.
3)single photon emission computed tomography.

Accepted Answer

The current standard of care for diagnosing a suspected pulmonary embolism is a thoracic computed tomographic angiogram (CTPA), which is highly sensitive and specific. Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) can also be used, but chest radiographs are not sufficient for diagnosis.

Question 7

Sinusitis is considered a(n)_____ pathologic condition.

Accepted Answer

Sinusitis is considered an additive pathologic condition because it involves the accumulation of fluid or tissue, which increases the density of the affected area.

Question 8

Bacteria commonly responsible for typical pneumonia include
1)Staphylococcus aureus.
2)parainfluenza.
3)H.influenza.

Accepted Answer

Staphylococcus aureus and H.influenza are both bacteria commonly responsible for typical pneumonia. Parainfluenza is a virus that can cause respiratory infections but is not typically associated with pneumonia. Therefore, options A and C are incorrect. Option D includes all three choices, but since parainfluenza is not a typical cause of pneumonia, option B (1 and 3 only) is the best choice.

Question 9

The American College of Radiology suggests that routine mobile chest radiographs are only indicated for patients
1)with acute cardiopulmonary conditions.
2)in the intensive care unit.
3)who are on life support devices.

Accepted Answer

The American College of Radiology suggests that routine mobile chest radiographs are only indicated for patients with acute cardiopulmonary conditions and those who are on life support devices. ICU patients fall under both these categories.

Question 10

The most common lethal nosocomial infection in the United States is

Accepted Answer

The most common lethal nosocomial infection in the United States is pneumonia. This is because hospital-acquired pneumonia can cause severe complications in patients who are already sick and have weakened immune systems.

Question 11

The incomplete maturation of the type II alveolar cells within the surfactant-producing system causes unstable alveoli resulting in

Accepted Answer

The incomplete maturation of type II alveolar cells, which are responsible for surfactant production, can lead to unstable alveoli. This condition is primarily associated with hyaline membrane disease and respiratory distress syndrome, both of which are characterized by difficulty in breathing due to the lack of surfactant.

Question 12

Patients presenting with a lung abscess often demonstrate which of the following clinical manifestations?
1)Fever
2)Cough
3)Expectoration of pus

Accepted Answer

Patients with a lung abscess typically present with fever, cough, and expectoration of pus. Other possible symptoms include chest pain, shortness of breath, and malaise.

Question 13

Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)positron emission tomography is the imaging modality of choice for
1)COPD.
2)bronchogenic carcinoma.
3)metastatic lung disease.

Accepted Answer

Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) is highly effective for imaging cancers, including bronchogenic carcinoma and metastatic lung disease, due to its ability to detect cells with high glucose uptake, which is a characteristic of many cancers. It is not the modality of choice for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which is primarily assessed using spirometry and other pulmonary function tests.

Question 14

Which of the following terms refers to the gas exchange between the respiratory and circulatory systems?

Accepted Answer

Diffusion refers to the movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the respiratory and circulatory systems through the thin walls of the alveoli and capillaries. Aspiration refers to inhaling food or liquid into the lungs, inhalation refers to the act of breathing in air, and ventilation refers to the overall process of moving air in and out of the lungs. None of these terms specifically refer to gas exchange between the respiratory and circulatory systems.

Question 15

Pneumoconioses result from inhalation of foreign substances and may include

Accepted Answer

Pneumoconioses can result from inhalation of a variety of foreign substances including coal dust (anthracosis), asbestos fibers (asbestosis) and crystalline silica particles (silicosis). Therefore, option D "All of the above" is the best choice.

Question 16

A permanent, abnormal dilatation of one or more large bronchi as a result of destruction of the elastic and muscular components of the bronchial wall best describes

Accepted Answer

Bronchiectasis is a condition where there is permanent dilation of one or more bronchi, typically caused by inflammation or infection that damages the elastic and muscular components of the bronchial wall. COPD and emphysema are broader terms that refer to a group of lung diseases that cause difficulty breathing, but they do not necessarily involve bronchial dilation. Pleurisy is an inflammation of the lining of the lungs and chest cavity and does not involve bronchial dilation.

Question 17

High-resolution computed tomography is the imaging modality of choice in cases of suspected

Accepted Answer

High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) is particularly useful for diagnosing bronchiectasis due to its ability to provide detailed images of the airways and lung parenchyma.

Question 18

Which of the following body structures enclose the thoracic cavity?
1)Ribs
2)Sternum
3)Thoracic vertebrae

Accepted Answer

The thoracic cavity is enclosed by the ribs, sternum, and thoracic vertebrae. Therefore, the correct choice would be option D - 1, 2, and 3. None of the other choices include all three of these structures, which are essential for the enclosure of the thoracic cavity.

Question 19

Low oxygen levels within the arterial blood and resulting from a failure of the gas exchange function best describe

Accepted Answer

Hypoxemia is defined as low oxygen levels within the arterial blood resulting from a failure of the gas exchange function. Hypercapnia refers to elevated levels of carbon dioxide in the blood. CPAP (continuous positive airway pressure) and PPV (positive pressure ventilation) are treatments used to improve oxygenation in patients with respiratory distress but are not a description of low oxygen levels within the arterial blood.

Question 20

Pleural effusion is best described as

Accepted Answer

Pleural effusion is excess fluid that collects in the pleural cavity, which is the space between the lungs and the chest wall. It can be caused by various medical conditions such as heart failure, pneumonia, and cancer.

Quiz 3: Respiratory System

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease may be caused by

Chest radiography is the imaging modality of choice for the evaluation of 1) bronchial adenoma. 2) hyaline membrane disease. 3) pneumoconiosis.

Which of the pathologies listed below is the most common fatal primary malignancy in the United States, accounting for over 90% of all lung tumors?

Which of the following pathologies of the respiratory system are classified as additive pathologies? 1) Cystic fibrosis 2) Emphysema 3) Pleural effusion

Cystic fibrosis is classified as a(n) _____ disease.

The current standard of care when a pulmonary embolus is suspected is a 1) PA and lateral chest radiograph. 2) thoracic computed tomographic angiogram. 3) single photon emission computed tomography.

Sinusitis is considered a(n) _____ pathologic condition.

Bacteria commonly responsible for typical pneumonia include 1) Staphylococcus aureus. 2) parainfluenza. 3) H.influenza.

The American College of Radiology suggests that routine mobile chest radiographs are only indicated for patients 1) with acute cardiopulmonary conditions. 2) in the intensive care unit. 3) who are on life support devices.