Question 1

Who is credited as the father of modern medicine?
A) Ronald Ross
B) Hippocrates
C) Robert Koch
D) Alexander Fleming
E) Louis Pasteur

Accepted Answer

Hippocrates is often referred to as the father of modern medicine due to his contributions to the systematic study of clinical medicine, his establishment of a medical school, and his authorship of the Hippocratic Oath.

Question 2

The first surgeon general was:
A) Dr. Lister Hill.
B) Dr. John Woodworth.
C) Dr. John Adams.
D) Dr. Harold Burton.
E) Dr. Harry Truman.

Accepted Answer

Dr. John Woodworth was appointed as the first Supervising Surgeon (later known as the Surgeon General) of the Marine Hospital Service in 1871.

Question 3

Causes of rural hospital and clinic closures includes all of the following except:
A) out migration of educated young adults.
B) declining populations in rural areas.
C) less revenue generated by rural hospitals.
D) influx of many ethnic minority.
E) None of these is correct.

Accepted Answer

The influx of many ethnic minorities is not typically a cause of rural hospital and clinic closures. The other options, such as out migration, declining populations, and less revenue, are more directly related to the financial and operational challenges faced by rural healthcare facilities.

Question 4

Different taxonomies used to define the concept of rurality include:
A) Index of Real Rurality (IRR).
B) Rural-Urban Converging Area (RUCA).
C) Rural-Urban Continuum Codes (RUCC).
D) cosmopolitan counties.
E) rural cluster.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Different taxonomies used to define the concept...

Question 5

Action areas for health promotion as identified by the Ottawa Charter include:
A) develop personal skills.
B) engage partnerships.
C) reorient health services.
D) All of these are correct.
E) develop personal skills and reorient health services only.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Action areas for health promotion as identified...

Question 6

The Index of Relative Rurality (IRR) measures a county's degree of rurality using which of these criteria?
A) Density
B) Built up area
C) Site on the map
D) All of these are correct.
E) Density and built-up area only

Accepted Answer

The answer of The Index of Relative Rurality (IRR) measures...

Question 7

The viability of rural America is threatened by:
A) historical racism.
B) language differences.
C) lack of cooperation and understanding between all segments of the population.
D) ethnic minorities.
E) growing number of retirees.

Accepted Answer

Lack of cooperation and understanding between all segments of the population can threaten the viability of rural America.

Question 8

Partners in rural public health include:
A) hospitals.
B) volunteers.
C) non-profit organizations.
D) All of these are correct.

Accepted Answer

Partners in rural public health include hospitals, volunteers, and non-profit organizations, making all the options correct.

Question 9

Rural America has been transformed by:
A) in-migration of ethnic minorities.
B) a growing number of retirees.
C) increasing births and adolescents.
D) All of these are correct.
E) in-migration of ethnic minorities and a growing number of retirees only.

Accepted Answer

In-migration of ethnic minorities and a growing number of retirees are the two main factors that have transformed rural America.

Question 10

The idea behind the Hill-Burton act was to:
A) build clinics everywhere.
B) make hospitals dependent on income generated from taxes.
C) build clinics only in certain areas of the state.
D) All of these are correct.
E) None of these is correct.

Accepted Answer

The Hill-Burton Act was designed to provide federal grants and loans for the construction and modernization of hospitals and other health care facilities, not specifically to build clinics everywhere or make hospitals dependent on tax income.

Question 11

In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the emphasis of public health was on:
A) epidemic control.
B) vaccination.
C) chlorination of water.
D) All of these are correct.
E) None of these is correct.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the late 19th and early 20th...

Question 12

The first city to establish a board of health was:
A) New York City.
B) Philadelphia.
C) Baltimore.
D) Washington D.C.
E) New Orleans.

Accepted Answer

Philadelphia established the first board of health in 1794 in response to a yellow fever epidemic.

Question 13

Which of the following is correct?
A) Visiting nurses provide care for the sick in the hospital.
B) The hospital survey and construction act was signed into law by President Nixon.
C) The idea behind the Burton-Hill act was to build hospitals where they are needed.
D) With the understanding of proper sanitation came the development of local health departments.
E) None of these is correct.

Accepted Answer

The Burton-Hill Act, also known as the Hospital Survey and Construction Act, aimed to provide federal grants for the construction of hospitals in areas where they were needed, particularly in rural and underserved regions.

Question 14

Early public health efforts in the United States focused on:
A) specific outbreaks.
B) merchant seamen.
C) urban poor.
D) All of these are correct.
E) None of these is correct.

Accepted Answer

Early public health efforts in the United States addressed specific outbreaks, the health of merchant seamen, and the urban poor, making all the options correct.

Question 15

Which of the following challenges is faced by rural America?
A) Poverty
B) Lack of access to care
C) Lack of health insurance
D) Travelling long distances to reach the nearest care provider
E) All of these are correct.

Accepted Answer

Rural America faces multiple challenges including poverty, lack of access to healthcare, insufficient health insurance coverage, and the need to travel long distances to access medical services.

Question 16

Health promotion is the actualization of increased control over and improved health of an individual.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Health promotion is the actualization of increased...

Question 17

Comparing the OMB definition of rurality and that of the US Census Bureau, there was a lack of strong correlation between the definition of urban and metropolitan areas, which brought about the need for a new definition.

Accepted Answer

The OMB and the US Census Bureau have different criteria for defining urban and metropolitan areas, leading to inconsistencies and the need for a more unified definition.

Question 18

The Rural-Urban Commuting Area (RUCA) system is not flexible and cannot be grouped in many ways to suit particular analytic or policy purposes.

Accepted Answer

The RUCA system is designed to be flexible and can be grouped in various ways to suit different analytic or policy needs, allowing for customized classifications based on specific criteria.

Question 19

RUCAs can identify the rural portions of metropolitan counties and the urban portions of nonmetropolitan counties.

Accepted Answer

Rural-Urban Commuting Areas (RUCAs) are classification codes that use census data to delineate sub-county components of rural and urban areas, allowing for the identification of rural areas within metropolitan counties and urban areas within nonmetropolitan counties.

Question 20

The increasing diversity of rural America does not deserve a closer look at the racial-ethnic populations making up the rural landscape.

Accepted Answer

The increasing diversity of rural America does deserve a closer look to understand the changing demographics and their implications on social, economic, and political aspects of rural communities.

Quiz 1: Defining Rurality

Who is credited as the father of modern medicine?

The first surgeon general was:

Causes of rural hospital and clinic closures includes all of the following except:

Different taxonomies used to define the concept of rurality include:

Action areas for health promotion as identified by the Ottawa Charter include:

The Index of Relative Rurality (IRR) measures a county's degree of rurality using which of these criteria?

The viability of rural America is threatened by:

Partners in rural public health include:

Rural America has been transformed by:

The idea behind the Hill-Burton act was to:

In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the emphasis of public health was on:

The first city to establish a board of health was:

Which of the following is correct?

Early public health efforts in the United States focused on:

Which of the following challenges is faced by rural America?

Health promotion is the actualization of increased control over and improved health of an individual.

Comparing the OMB definition of rurality and that of the US Census Bureau, there was a lack of strong correlation between the definition of urban and metropolitan areas, which brought about the need for a new definition.

The Rural-Urban Commuting Area (RUCA) system is not flexible and cannot be grouped in many ways to suit particular analytic or policy purposes.

RUCAs can identify the rural portions of metropolitan counties and the urban portions of nonmetropolitan counties.

The increasing diversity of rural America does not deserve a closer look at the racial-ethnic populations making up the rural landscape.