Question 1

After the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, the nation, for the first time, began to speak collectively about which of the following?

Accepted Answer

After the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, the term "homeland security" became a significant part of American vocabulary as the nation focused on protecting itself from further terrorist attacks.

Question 2

Which of the following refers to planning and responding to acute events, as opposed to chronic conditions that evolve over time?

Accepted Answer

D

Question 3

Public health preparedness, like which of the following, is a term that represents concerns and actions that have occurred throughout history?

Accepted Answer

A

Question 4

What kind of threat can be thought of as along a continuum, to include everything from naturally occurring diseases to the intentional release of agents?

Accepted Answer

Biological weapons can range from naturally occurring diseases to those that are engineered or released intentionally, making them a broad-spectrum threat.

Question 5

Which of the following refers to the knowing or malicious use of a biological agent to affect the agricultural industry or food supply?

Accepted Answer

Agroterrorism specifically refers to the use of biological agents to target the agricultural sector or food supply, with the intent to disrupt or cause harm.

Question 6

Of the many biological agents that exist in nature, most effort is directed at which of the following as the primary source of potential biological weapons?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria are often the primary focus for potential biological weapons due to their ability to cause severe diseases, ease of cultivation, and potential for genetic manipulation to increase virulence or resistance to antibiotics.

Question 7

Between 2012 and April 2017, there have been over 1900 cases of Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome, with the majority of cases occurring in what country?

Accepted Answer

The majority of Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) cases between 2012 and April 2017 occurred in Saudi Arabia.

Question 8

The prevalence of which of the following has risen dramatically among Russian military recruits, posting unique challenges to both the civilian and military sectors to address the problem?

Accepted Answer

The prevalence of HIV/AIDS has risen dramatically among Russian military recruits, posing significant challenges for both civilian and military sectors in addressing the issue.

Question 9

New approaches, from animal practices to economic models, are currently being considered by governments in an attempt to address what threat?

Accepted Answer

Antimicrobial resistance is a growing threat that has led governments to consider a variety of new approaches, including insights from animal practices and economic models, to combat the spread and impact of resistant microbes.

Question 10

Which of the following was a naturally occurring disease that caused morbidity and mortality, invoked fear, affected travel, led to population discrimination, created an economic burden on certain nations, and affected security?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following was a naturally...

Question 11

The fear generated by which of the following gripped the nation and demonstrate the grave threat from biological weapons?

Accepted Answer

The anthrax letters in 2001 created widespread fear across the United States, highlighting the potential for biological agents to be used as weapons. This event directly demonstrated the grave threat from biological weapons, as anthrax spores were mailed to news media offices and two U.S. Senators, causing several deaths and infections.

Question 12

What document remained the primary policy directive concerning biodefense until the National Strategy for Countering Biological Threats was released in late 2009?

Accepted Answer

HSPD 10, also known as Biodefense for the 21st Century, was the primary policy directive concerning biodefense until the National Strategy for Countering Biological Threats was released in late 2009.

Question 13

Executive Order 13527 spells out the role of what agency in the delivery of medical countermeasures and calls on the Department of Health and Human Services to develop continuity in operations plans in the event of a large-scale biological attack?

Accepted Answer

Executive Order 13527 specifically outlines the role of the U.S. Postal Service in the delivery of medical countermeasures in the event of a biological attack, emphasizing its unique capacity to provide logistical support for such a critical public health response.

Question 14

Which of the following refers to the protection of agents or facilities against the theft or diversion of high-consequence microbial agents, which could be used by someone who maliciously intends to conduct bioterrorism or pursue biological weapons proliferation?

Accepted Answer

Biosecurity refers to the protection of microbial agents from theft, diversion, or intentional misuse, specifically to prevent bioterrorism or the proliferation of biological weapons. Biosafety, on the other hand, focuses on the protection of people and the environment from harmful agents. Biorisk is a broader term that encompasses both biosecurity and biosafety, and biosurveillance is the monitoring of public health and diseases.

Question 15

Which of the following proposed a system, based mostly on voluntary self-governance by the scientific community, which would have experiments reviewed at several stages to evaluate for dual use concerns?

Accepted Answer

The Fink Report proposed a system based mostly on voluntary self-governance by the scientific community, which would have experiments reviewed at several stages to evaluate for dual use concerns. This approach emphasizes the responsibility of scientists to manage the risks associated with dual use research.

Question 16

The Global Partnership Against the Spread of Weapons and Materials of Mass Destruction was established in 2002 to collaborate on and implement projects around the world to counter WMD proliferation. To date, which of the following is the only country to have left this consortium?

Accepted Answer

Russia is the only country among the options provided that has left the Global Partnership Against the Spread of Weapons and Materials of Mass Destruction. This decision reflects Russia's changing stance on international arms control and non-proliferation efforts.

Question 17

As part of an effort to build the national infrastructure for research, the NIAID established which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) established the Centers of Excellence for Translational Research (CETR) to facilitate the translation of basic immunology and microbiology research into clinical applications, including vaccines, diagnostics, and therapeutics.

Question 18

In recognition of the challenges posted by sample management and storage, and prompted largely by the perceived shortcomings of the global response to Ebola, there has been renewed interest in developing global guidelines for which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The renewed interest in developing global guidelines, especially in the context of the challenges posed by sample management and storage highlighted by the global response to Ebola, is primarily focused on Biobanking. Biobanking refers to the process of collecting, storing, and managing biological samples, such as blood, tissue, and DNA, for use in research and medicine. The Ebola outbreak underscored the need for better standards and practices in managing biological samples to facilitate research and response efforts during health crises.

Question 19

When SARS emerged in 2003 and what type of virus was identified as the causative agent, scientific expertise regarding this relatively obscure virus was ready and available because of long-term funding by the NIH?

Accepted Answer

SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) was caused by a coronavirus, identified in 2003. Prior research and funding by the NIH into coronaviruses facilitated a rapid scientific response to the outbreak.

Question 20

Police powers, including the powers to regulate health and safety, are the responsibility of the federal government.

Accepted Answer

Police powers, including the regulation of health and safety, are primarily the responsibility of state and local governments in the United States, not the federal government.

Quiz 15: Understanding Biological Threats and Public Health Preparedness in Homeland Security