Question 1

The U.S. population is more likely to benefit from screening tests for a disease such as diabetes, which occurs frequently, than it is to benefit from screening for Addison's disease, which is uncommon.

Accepted Answer

Screening tests are more beneficial for diseases with higher prevalence because they can identify more cases, leading to earlier treatment and better outcomes. For rare diseases like Addison's, widespread screening may not be as cost-effective or impactful.

Question 2

In order to receive health benefits from exercise, older adults should engage in 150 minutes of moderate intensity or 75 minutes of vigorous exercise every week.

Accepted Answer

The World Health Organization recommends that older adults engage in at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity or 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity exercise weekly to maintain health benefits.

Question 3

Aspirin therapy has long been known to be effective as a primary prevention strategy for clients with heart disease.

Accepted Answer

Aspirin therapy is primarily used for secondary prevention in individuals who have already experienced heart disease events, not as a primary prevention strategy for those without such events.

Question 4

If what medical condition goes untreated, it can lead to atrial fibrillation, congestive heart failure, osteoporosis, and neuropsychiatric disorders?

Accepted Answer

Hyperthyroidism, if untreated, can lead to atrial fibrillation, congestive heart failure, osteoporosis, and neuropsychiatric disorders due to the excessive production of thyroid hormones affecting various body systems.

Question 5

The greatest controversy regarding screening for what type of cancer is the inability to accurately predict which cancers will be aggressive and require treatment and which are unlikely to metastasize?

Accepted Answer

Prostate cancer screening is controversial because it is difficult to distinguish between aggressive cancers that need treatment and indolent ones that do not, leading to potential overdiagnosis and overtreatment.

Question 6

Of the 10 leading causes of death in the United States, how many are associated with unhealthy dietary patterns?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Of the 10 leading causes of death...

Question 7

Due to the decreased immune function that accompanies older age, a new high-dose vaccine for what medical condition has been developed for the elderly population?

Accepted Answer

A high-dose influenza vaccine has been developed specifically for the elderly to provide better protection against the flu, as their immune response is weaker.

Question 8

Older adults, especially those with chronic illnesses or who live in nursing homes, are susceptible to what medical condition which results in death in over one-third of patients over 65 years of age?

Accepted Answer

Pneumonia is a common and serious condition in older adults, particularly those with chronic illnesses or living in nursing homes, and it has a high mortality rate in this age group.

Question 9

What screening tool is a 10-item screening test developed by the World Health Organization and is sensitive for detecting alcohol dependence and abuse?

Accepted Answer

The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) is a 10-item screening tool developed by the World Health Organization specifically to detect alcohol dependence and abuse.

Question 10

The USPSTF recommends breast cancer screening be performed how often for women between the ages of 50 and 74 years?

Accepted Answer

The USPSTF recommends biennial (every 24 months) screening mammography for women aged 50 to 74 years.

Question 11

Frailty is a concept that is often discussed in the literature but is difficult to define and is the topic of much debate.

Accepted Answer

Frailty is a complex and multifaceted concept in geriatric medicine, lacking a universally accepted definition, leading to ongoing debate and research in the field.

Question 12

Polypharmacy is inappropriate for patients who have multiple chronic illnesses because increasing numbers of medications carry increasing risks.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Polypharmacy is inappropriate for patients who have...

Question 13

The Mini-Mental State Examination is considered the gold standard diagnostic test to detect dementia.

Accepted Answer

The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) is a widely used and validated screening tool for cognitive impairment, including dementia. It is considered the gold standard diagnostic test for dementia due to its simplicity, ease of administration, and high sensitivity and specificity in detecting cognitive decline.

Question 14

Prescribing beta-blockers to help remodel the heart in patients with congestive heart failure is an example of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Tertiary prevention involves managing and improving the quality of life for patients with existing diseases, such as congestive heart failure, by preventing further deterioration and complications. Beta-blockers are used to manage symptoms and improve heart function in these patients.

Question 15

Which of the following tools is sensitive for detecting alcohol dependence and abuse?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following tools is sensitive...

Question 16

Which of the following is a self-report screening instrument that has been found to have 75% sensitivity and 96% specificity for detecting alcohol abuse?

Accepted Answer

The CAGE questionnaire is a self-report screening instrument that has been found to have 75% sensitivity and 96% specificity for detecting alcohol abuse.

Question 17

Which of the following, wherein older adults are unable to provide for his or her own care, is the most common provider-reported form of neglect?

Accepted Answer

Self-neglect is the most common form of neglect reported by providers, where older adults fail to meet their own basic needs.

Question 18

National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III data suggests that approximately 25% of U.S. adults may be at high risk for a coronary event and may be potential beneficiaries of what type of strategies?

Accepted Answer

Primary prevention strategies are aimed at preventing the onset of disease before it occurs, which is suitable for individuals at high risk for a coronary event.

Question 19

The correlation of cardiovascular risk and blood pressure is dramatic with the risk doubling each increment of which of the following after 115/75 mmHg?

Accepted Answer

The risk of cardiovascular events doubles with each increment of 20/10 mmHg above the baseline of 115/75 mmHg.

Question 20

Aspirin therapy has long been known to be effective as a secondary prevention strategy for clients with heart disease, but which of the following risks associated with aspirin therapy have delayed recommendations of aspirin as a means of primary prevention?

Accepted Answer

Aspirin therapy can increase the risk of gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding, which is a significant concern when considering its use for primary prevention in individuals without a history of heart disease.

Quiz 8: Identifying and Preventing Common Risk Factors in the Elderly