Question 1

Refer to the figure.
 The point of the prisoner's dilemma diagram is to

Accepted Answer

B

Question 2

Kin selection theory is most useful in helping explain

Accepted Answer

Kin selection theory explains altruism among individuals who share a significant proportion of their genes, such as family members. It suggests that behaviors which may seem altruistic (like a lion risking itself for the group) are actually beneficial in terms of the survival of shared genetic material.

Question 3

The prisoner's dilemma describes

Accepted Answer

The prisoner's dilemma is a fundamental concept in game theory that illustrates why two completely rational individuals might not cooperate, even if it appears that it is in their best interest to do so. It models decisions regarding defection or cooperation with another individual, often in the context of two prisoners deciding whether to betray each other or to remain silent.

Question 4

Honeyguides (a small African bird) lead humans to bees' nests so the humans will make the wax honeycomb available to them. Similarly, cleaner fish remove ectoparasites from other reef fish. These are examples of

Accepted Answer

These examples illustrate reciprocity, where different species benefit from each other's actions, creating a mutualistic relationship. Honeyguides benefit from the wax made accessible by humans, and cleaner fish benefit from the food source provided by removing ectoparasites from reef fish.

Question 5

Vampire bats need to eat often, and their only food is blood. When one bat is unsuccessful at gaining a meal, it returns to a communal roost where another, often unrelated, bat is likely to give it a small amount of food. Work by Carter and Wilkinson (2015) suggests that this arrangement meets the conditions needed for

Accepted Answer

This behavior is an example of reciprocity, where one bat helps another with the expectation that the favor will be returned in the future, meeting the conditions for reciprocal altruism as described by Carter and Wilkinson (2015).

Question 6

The fungus Ophiocordyceps manipulates the behavior of worker ants by infecting them with fungal spores, causing them to descend to the understory where conditions for fungal development are optimal, but the ants die. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

This is an example of selfishness because the fungus manipulates the ants for its own benefit, ensuring its spores are spread in optimal conditions, without regard for the ants' survival.

Question 7

Behavioral syndromes are

Accepted Answer

Behavioral syndromes refer to behaviors that are consistent across different contexts, indicating a level of behavioral predictability in an individual or species across various situations.

Question 8

In reciprocity, we hypothesize that an individual engages in a selfless act because they will be "repaid" by the recipient in the future. This expectation is likely to occur in all of the following scenarios, except:

Accepted Answer

In scenarios A, B, and C, the conditions foster an environment where reciprocity is expected to occur because there is a high chance of future interactions, observed helpful behavior, or mutual benefit, respectively. However, in scenario D, if the recipient can cheat and avoid repaying the altruistic act, this undermines the basis of reciprocity, making it the exception where the expectation of being "repaid" is less likely to occur.

Question 9

Refer to the figure.
 Primary helpers are less likely to survive and reproduce the following year than secondary helpers. Based on the results shown here, we can predict that primary helpers are

Accepted Answer

The answer of Refer to the figure.
 Primary helpers are...

Question 10

Refer to the figure.
 Primary helpers are less likely to survive and reproduce the following year than secondary helpers. Based on the results shown here, we can predict that secondary helpers are

Accepted Answer

The answer of Refer to the figure.
 Primary helpers are...

Question 11

Refer to the figure.
 Due to conservation efforts, this population of Seychelles warblers increased from 1959 to 1990. How does the relationship between the number of birds and number of territories change over this period?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Refer to the figure.
 Due to conservation...

Question 12

Refer to the figure.
 Due to conservation efforts, this population of Seychelles warblers increased from 1959 to 1990. Following the ecological constraints hypothesis, in what year would you predict that helping behavior began to occur in this population?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Refer to the figure.
 Due to conservation...

Question 13

Refer to the figure.
 Based on these results from a study on 267 species of birds, we can conclude that

Accepted Answer

The answer of Refer to the figure.
 Based on these...

Question 14

Refer to the figure.
 Horizontal bars represent the maximum life spans of three successive generations in each species. The blue shaded areas are the mean reproductive spans. These results indicate that compared to other primates, humans

Accepted Answer

The answer of Refer to the figure.
 Horizontal bars represent...

Question 15

Refer to the figure.
 Horizontal bars represent the maximum life spans of three successive generations in each species. The blue shaded areas are the mean reproductive spans. What hypothesis do these results support?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Refer to the figure.
 Horizontal bars represent...

Question 16

Why do lions hunt together? In your answer, indicate the fitness payoffs for individuals of the group conferred by the behavior of mutual benefit.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why do lions hunt together? In your...

Question 17

Why do lions hunt together? In your answer, indicate the fitness payoffs for individuals of the group conferred by the behavior of reciprocity.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why do lions hunt together? In your...

Question 18

Why do lions hunt together? In your answer, indicate the fitness payoffs for individuals of the group conferred by the behavior of (nonreciprocal) altruism.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why do lions hunt together? In your...

Question 19

Why do lions hunt together? In your answer, indicate the fitness payoffs for individuals of the group conferred by the behavior of selfishness.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why do lions hunt together? In your...

Question 20

There are many costs and benefits to cooperative breeding. Select two of the proposed hypotheses and explain how they apply to cooperative breeding: kin selection hypothesis, group augmentation hypothesis, ecological constraints hypothesis, life history hypothesis, benefits-of-philopatry hypothesis, temporal variability hypothesis.

Accepted Answer

The answer of There are many costs and benefits to...

Quiz 13: Social Behavior and Sociality

Refer to the figure. The point of the prisoner's dilemma diagram is to

Kin selection theory is most useful in helping explain

The prisoner's dilemma describes

Honeyguides (a small African bird) lead humans to bees' nests so the humans will make the wax honeycomb available to them. Similarly, cleaner fish remove ectoparasites from other reef fish. These are examples of

The fungus Ophiocordyceps manipulates the behavior of worker ants by infecting them with fungal spores, causing them to descend to the understory where conditions for fungal development are optimal, but the ants die. This is an example of

Behavioral syndromes are

In reciprocity, we hypothesize that an individual engages in a selfless act because they will be "repaid" by the recipient in the future. This expectation is likely to occur in all of the following scenarios, except:

Refer to the figure. Primary helpers are less likely to survive and reproduce the following year than secondary helpers. Based on the results shown here, we can predict that primary helpers are

Refer to the figure. Primary helpers are less likely to survive and reproduce the following year than secondary helpers. Based on the results shown here, we can predict that secondary helpers are

Refer to the figure. Due to conservation efforts, this population of Seychelles warblers increased from 1959 to 1990. How does the relationship between the number of birds and number of territories change over this period?

Refer to the figure. Due to conservation efforts, this population of Seychelles warblers increased from 1959 to 1990. Following the ecological constraints hypothesis, in what year would you predict that helping behavior began to occur in this population?

Refer to the figure. Based on these results from a study on 267 species of birds, we can conclude that

Refer to the figure. Horizontal bars represent the maximum life spans of three successive generations in each species. The blue shaded areas are the mean reproductive spans. These results indicate that compared to other primates, humans

Refer to the figure. Horizontal bars represent the maximum life spans of three successive generations in each species. The blue shaded areas are the mean reproductive spans. What hypothesis do these results support?

Why do lions hunt together? In your answer, indicate the fitness payoffs for individuals of the group conferred by the behavior of mutual benefit.

Why do lions hunt together? In your answer, indicate the fitness payoffs for individuals of the group conferred by the behavior of reciprocity.

Why do lions hunt together? In your answer, indicate the fitness payoffs for individuals of the group conferred by the behavior of (nonreciprocal) altruism.

Why do lions hunt together? In your answer, indicate the fitness payoffs for individuals of the group conferred by the behavior of selfishness.