Transcultural Studies of African American Adolescent Gangs Revealed That Cultures

Transcultural studies of African American adolescent gangs revealed that cultures with no social rites of passage for adolescents experienced increased numbers of gangs and gang activity. Another outcome of an absent rites of passage is the:

A) reduced rates of high school graduation
B) prolonged adolescence with pressure and tension to achieve adult status
C) increased rates of teen pregnancy
D) poor collegiate performance resulting in prolonged academic careers