Question 1

The occupational health nurse notices an increased incidence of skin irritation, rashes, and itching among the employees working with vegetation control chemicals. How does the nurse classify the condition?
A) Infectious skin disease
B) Noninfectious skin disorder
C) Genetic related skin condition
D) Seasonal triggered skin irritation

Accepted Answer

The condition is classified as a noninfectious skin disorder because it is caused by exposure to chemicals rather than an infectious agent, genetic factors, or seasonal changes.

Question 2

The Healthy People 2020 goal is 90% pneumococcal vaccination target for non-institutionalized adults aged 65 and older. Which type of study does the nurse use to gather information relevant to this goal?
A) A case report
B) A case series
C) A cross-sectional study
D) A demographic description

Accepted Answer

A cross-sectional study is used to gather data at a single point in time, making it suitable for assessing the vaccination status of a population to determine if the target is being met.

Question 3

A study is being launched to study the use of a clinic by migrant workers and their family members. Which limitation does the IRB identify as a probable ethical concern?
A) Participants will be tracked by family surnames.
B) Transportation will be provided to the clinic.
C) Workers will be paid for time away at the clinic.
D) Children will be accompanied by at least one parent.

Accepted Answer

Tracking participants by family surnames could lead to privacy concerns and potential breaches of confidentiality, which is an ethical issue.

Question 4

A research group is using a small community to study the impact of professional dental care on oral health and hygiene. Participants will be studied for one year and the findings reported regarding probable benefits. For which reason is the study most likely to face poor participation?
A) Mistrust about any services offered at no cost
B) Suspicion of anyone who is from outside the community
C) High levels of embarrassment about poor dental health
D) Participants wanting to avoid feeling like research subjects

Accepted Answer

The answer of A research group is using a small...

Question 5

The public health nurse is aware of a high level of lead poisoning among children in a specific community. Which condition is considered to be an underlying factor contributing to this detriment to health?
A) Instability of available housing
B) Access to primary health care
C) Existing environmental conditions
D) Levels of language and literacy

Accepted Answer

Existing environmental conditions, such as old housing with lead-based paint or contaminated soil, are a primary factor contributing to lead poisoning in children.

Question 6

Evidence-based interventions can be implemented to address modifiable upstream factors surrounding the individual. Which modifiable upstream factor is likely to have the greatest positive impact on social discrepancies?
A) Employment and training
B) Housing regulations
C) Availability of health care
D) Easier access to commodities

Accepted Answer

Employment and training can significantly reduce social discrepancies by providing individuals with the skills and opportunities needed to improve their socioeconomic status, leading to better health and social outcomes.

Question 7

Epidemicity is relative to the usual frequency of an identified disease in the same area, among the specified population, at the same season of the year.

Accepted Answer

Epidemicity refers to the occurrence of a disease at a level above what is normally expected in a particular area or population, taking into account the usual frequency and seasonality of the disease.

Question 8

The IMR is considered a major indicator of health, with the CDC noting the rate as an important marker of the health of a society.

Accepted Answer

The Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) is a key indicator of a society's overall health, reflecting the effectiveness of healthcare systems, maternal health, and public health practices.

Question 9

WHO collects and reports under-five mortality because in many developing countries and/or countries ravaged by civil disturbances, children under-5 are vulnerable to infectious diseases and dehydration resulting in death.

Accepted Answer

The World Health Organization (WHO) collects and reports on under-five mortality as part of its efforts to monitor global health and address child mortality, especially in vulnerable regions.

Question 10

A vector is an invertebrate animal, either dead or living, capable of passing a communicable disease to a susceptible host, its food, or immediate surroundings.

Accepted Answer

A vector in the context of biology is a living organism, typically an arthropod like a mosquito or tick, that transmits pathogens between humans or from animals to humans. It is not an invertebrate animal itself.

Question 11

Only one highly secure lab in the world is approved to have the smallpox virus for research purposes.

Accepted Answer

There are two labs approved to have the smallpox virus for research: one in the United States and one in Russia.

Question 12

A dichotomous variable is a variable with a yes or no response.

Accepted Answer

A dichotomous variable is a type of categorical variable that has only two possible values, often represented as "yes" or "no".

Question 13

There are three different levels of measurement, and a variable will fall into one of the following levels of measurement categories: nominal, ordinal, and interval.

Accepted Answer

There are four levels of measurement: nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio.

Question 14

With its focus on groups, epidemiology is perceived as a population science, whereas the clinical sciences focus on the individual.

Accepted Answer

Epidemiology studies the distribution and determinants of health-related states in populations, while clinical sciences focus on diagnosing and treating individual patients.

Question 15

The process of obtaining IRB approval for a study should initially be viewed as an adversarial event by the researcher until full approval is given.

Accepted Answer

The IRB approval process is not adversarial; it is a collaborative effort to ensure ethical standards and participant safety in research.

Question 16

Persons with low ________ status are more likely to be affected by diabetes, hypertension, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, are less likely to be screened for colorectal cancer, and less likely to be vaccinated against influenza.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Persons with low ________ status are more...

Question 17

Using the data below, the median number is ____.
26 ,29, 30, 30, 32, 32, 32, 35, 35, 36, 37, 37, 38, 38, 39, 40, 42, 42, 42, 43, 45

Accepted Answer

The answer of Using the data below, the median number...

Question 18

_______ selection means every person has an equal chance of being selected for the sample.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _______ selection means every person has an...

Question 19

The nurse is preparing a ______ ______ on a patient admitted for exhibiting unusual neuromuscular symptoms following treatment for an upper respiratory infection.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nurse is preparing a ______ ______...

Question 20

The quality of data becomes an _______ issue when incomplete data is collected by researchers, which will affect an analysis and the results.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The quality of data becomes an _______...

Quiz 12: Epidemiology and Public Health

The occupational health nurse notices an increased incidence of skin irritation, rashes, and itching among the employees working with vegetation control chemicals. How does the nurse classify the condition?

The Healthy People 2020 goal is 90% pneumococcal vaccination target for non-institutionalized adults aged 65 and older. Which type of study does the nurse use to gather information relevant to this goal?

A study is being launched to study the use of a clinic by migrant workers and their family members. Which limitation does the IRB identify as a probable ethical concern?

A research group is using a small community to study the impact of professional dental care on oral health and hygiene. Participants will be studied for one year and the findings reported regarding probable benefits. For which reason is the study most likely to face poor participation?

The public health nurse is aware of a high level of lead poisoning among children in a specific community. Which condition is considered to be an underlying factor contributing to this detriment to health?

Evidence-based interventions can be implemented to address modifiable upstream factors surrounding the individual. Which modifiable upstream factor is likely to have the greatest positive impact on social discrepancies?