Question 1

Phenothiazines _____

Accepted Answer

Phenothiazines are primarily used to treat schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders.

Question 2

Clozapine _____

Accepted Answer

Clozapine is primarily used to treat schizophrenia, especially in cases where other medications have failed.

Question 3

_____ 8. Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors

Accepted Answer

Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) are a class of antidepressants that are used to treat depression.

Question 4

Heterocyclics

Accepted Answer

Heterocyclics, also known as tricyclic antidepressants, are primarily used to treat depression.

Question 5

_____ 10. Anxiolytics

Accepted Answer

Anxiolytics are medications specifically used to treat anxiety.

Question 6

The prevalence of psychiatric disorders is often surprising to many people. Indeed, as many as _______ of people will experience such a disorder during their lifetime.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The prevalence of psychiatric disorders is often...

Question 7

Twin studies indicate a large genetic component to schizophrenia. However, another factor may be

Accepted Answer

All of the mentioned factors (influenza infection during fetal development, incompatible blood types, and city living) have been studied as potential environmental influences that may contribute to the risk of developing schizophrenia, alongside genetic factors.

Question 8

In schizophrenia there are several changes in the brain, including enlargement of some structures and reduction of others. Not all changes involve size, however. In the hippocampus, there is a _______ of pyramidal cells.

Accepted Answer

In schizophrenia, the hippocampus often shows disorganization of pyramidal cells, which affects the structure and function of this brain region.

Question 9

Decreased activity of the _______ lobes is associated with the symptoms of schizophrenia.

Accepted Answer

Decreased activity in the frontal lobes is associated with symptoms of schizophrenia, such as impaired executive function and decision-making.

Question 10

Individuals with schizophrenia show greater difficulty with _______ eye movements than people without schizophrenia.

Accepted Answer

Individuals with schizophrenia often have impairments in smooth pursuit eye movements, which are the ability to steadily track a moving object.

Question 11

The dexamethasone suppression test provides a neuroendocrine measure of

Accepted Answer

The dexamethasone suppression test is used to assess adrenal gland function by measuring how cortisol levels change in response to dexamethasone, and it is primarily used in the context of diagnosing depression, particularly major depressive disorder.

Question 12

Which class of drugs is not used to treat depression?

Accepted Answer

Phenothiazines are primarily used as antipsychotic medications, not for treating depression.

Question 13

Depressed patients show _______ in REM sleep.

Accepted Answer

Depressed patients often show increases in REM sleep, including shorter REM latency and longer REM duration.

Question 14

Bipolar disorder can be extreme, but some people experience a milder condition called

Accepted Answer

Cyclothymia is a milder form of bipolar disorder characterized by mood swings that are less severe than those in full-blown bipolar disorder.

Question 15

Tourette's syndrome is characterized by

Accepted Answer

Tourette's syndrome typically begins in childhood, involves sudden movements or sounds (tics), and is often associated with OCD or ADHD. Symptoms are usually responsive to D₂ receptor antagonists.

Question 16

The drug Valium is a type of _______ and belongs to the drug class called _______.

Accepted Answer

Valium is a benzodiazepine, which is a class of drugs known for their anxiolytic (anxiety-reducing) effects.

Question 17

_______ is an anxiety disorder that can be triggered by events such as the sudden death of a loved one, combat, kidnapping, or abuse.

Accepted Answer

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an anxiety disorder that can be triggered by traumatic events such as the sudden death of a loved one, combat, kidnapping, or abuse.

Question 18

An MRI study of the brains of combat veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder revealed

Accepted Answer

Combat veterans with PTSD often show a smaller volume in the right hippocampus, which is associated with memory and stress regulation.

Question 19

A number of individuals with severe symptoms of OCD who undergo _______, surgical disruption of the circuits in the cingulate cortex, appear to benefit from this intervention.

Accepted Answer

Cingulotomy is a surgical procedure that involves severing the cingulum bundle, a white matter tract that connects the cingulate cortex to other brain regions. This procedure has been shown to be effective in reducing the symptoms of OCD in some patients.

Question 20

Summarize current knowledge about structural differences in the brains of people with schizophrenia, specifically as it relates abnormalities in the ventricles, limbic system, and cortex.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Summarize current knowledge about structural differences in...

Quiz 16: Psychopathology: Biological Basis of Behavioral Disorders